Aristophanes Assemblywomen free essay sample

A look at the role of women in Athenian society during the time that Aristophanes play `Assemblywomen` was written. In this essay the character of women and their role in Athenian society at the time of Aristophanes is examined. In the ancient world the idea of women running the city was totally ludicrous and people would laugh at the idea. The paper shows that Aristophanes wrote this play to make people laugh and so not much, if any, of the information in the play can be relied upon to give an accurate picture of how women were treated in Athenian society. Aristophanes gave them a very important position but in reality they were treated as second class citizens. `The general idea of the women of Athens running the city was totally preposterous and would not even be considered as a viable option to solve the citys problems. This was because women held such a low position in Greek society. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristophanes Assemblywomen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They had no legal status at all and could not even represent themselves in court if they wanted to.`

Strategic Management of Organizations

Strategic Management of Organizations Organizational structure Structure generally means the framework on which an organization is built and functions that keep the organization going. Organizational structure is the operating guideline that informs the members or workers how the organization works.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management of Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Structure explains the way members are received, how leaders are chosen, and the process of decision-making. Organizational structure explains the way an organization puts workers and jobs for effective work performance and goal realization (Baligh, 2005). Channel of communication depends on the size of the organization; small organizations have short channels of communication because the top manager can reach the lowest ranked employee easily. On the other hand, large organizations have long channels of communication because they contain many departments an d functions. From these decisions, an organizational structure is established. Organizational structure may be centralized or decentralized. In centralized structure, the top management is vested with the most of decision-making and total control over the organization’s departments, subdivisions, and divisions. In decentralized organizational structure, power and authority over control and decisions making is evenly distributed and the independence between departments and divisions is different (Baligh, 2005). In an organization, regardless of its size, employees’ tasks and complexity is defined by what function it partakes, its supervisors, and managers. Organizations use organizational charts to simplify relationship between its departments and positions and their interdependence. The finest organizational structure designed by any organization relies on many factors such as its work, revenue, number of employees, geographic distribution of its amenities, and the col lection of its trading. Organizational structures have been in existence since the ancient past, they have evolved to date because of their needs and complexities in the current organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How Organizational Structure Implement Organizations Strategy Organizational strategy is the tactic, which an organization uses to meet its future goals, mission, vision, and targets. An organization must compare its present state to the projected future state then look at the difference and plan on how to cover the difference through changing its working tactics. There are several organizational structures, which include pre-bureaucratic structures, bureaucratic structures, post bureaucratic structures, functional structures, divisional structures, and matrix structures. Organization strategy includes sequence of authority, span of organizing, departmentalization, circulation of authority, and organization’s height. These elements are integrated within an organization to give out the desired outcome in type of the organization and the management required (Baligh, 2005). The Basic Building Blocks of Organizational Structure An organization needs to be built on several organizational blocks to ensure and strengthen its survival. These blocks help in making sure that the organization is focused in its target of meeting its future goals. These blocks include: Hierarchy Hierarchy or layers of organization is the primary most component of the organizational structure, individuals’ need to have people above them to obey, respect, consult, and structure the way of achieving a target. Organization’s layer means the length of the line of communication, that is the procedure followed before the information from service man reaches the department manager. Hierarchy flow of information is mostly exercised in the b ureaucratic organizations where the individual must report directly to his or her immediate supervisor. Hierarchy act as a major organizational block because it determines each employee’s authority and responsibility in the organization. Hierarchy makes organization to be organized because every employee is aware of his or her duties (Tannenbaum, 2006). Formalization Formalization is another major form of an organization building block. Through formalization, an organization decisions, orders, and standards are passed to all employees. Formalization is closely attached to both leadership and hierarchy. A number of organizations prefer tight bureaucratic system of administration because these systems establish strict orders and methods in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management of Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bureaucratic systems call for rigid communication cha nnels. On the other hand, some other organizations allow for non-bureaucratic procedures, which allow for collaborative decisions making, employees dissent, and alternative ideas from employees. These kinds of organizations allow for flexible decision-making and channels of communication (Swayne, Duncan Ginter, 2008). Divisions Division is a basic building block for organization structure. Divisions depend on the size of the organization; small organizations can survive on one division in charge of all the operations because their operations are not complicated. On the other hand, all organization divide their operations according to the departments available such as; information technology department, accounting department, procurement department, transport department, marketing department, human resource department among others are created according to the organizations need. Other organizations divide the organization according to the production need, these may include vacuum cl eaners division, packaging division, processing division among others. This makes it easy for each division to be able to identify its authorities and responsibilities with ease and controlling confusion in the lines of duty (Philips Gully, 2012). Temporary Constructs Temporary constructs are basic building blocks in that they are frequently used by organizations to resolve issues arising from the operations and employees. Most of organizations will assign or create groups for a specified period to handle a problem arising in the organization or take care of a new project, the group may be selected internally or externally. Most organization prefers dedicated troubleshooters since they are good in getting a solution and working on an issue. Organizations are opposed to this approach though it saves time in handling a certain project (Philips Gully, 2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of each of the Building Blocks of Organizational Structure Hierarchy is advantageous in that those who are in the top positions enjoy a lot of privileges. Those at the top are vested with complex decision-making consequently making it easy for an organization to handle its complexities.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hierarchy is disadvantageous in that those at the lowest positions feel oppressed at some time because they enjoy no privileges, its procedural for decisions to get to the bottom level and there is limited interaction between the top management and the bottom workers so their problems are less heard. Formalization of an organization has the following advantages: it makes the goals of the organization to be clearly defined, it makes the business become legal entity, and it clarifies the organization’s objectives. The disadvantages include: formalization creates rigidity, long long-term planning is discouraged, and reduces creativity among employees. Organization division is advantageous in that it increases specialization and as a result, quality products and services are produced, division allows an organization form the culture of spirit de corps leading to higher production. Division disadvantages include politics between the divisions may arise, this may reduce production because of the competition between the divisions and divisions may undermine each other leading to inter division organization conflicts (Swayne, Duncan Ginter, 2008). References Baligh, H. H. (2005). Organization Structures: Theory and Design, Analysis and Prescription. New York: N.Y.: Springer. Philips, J., Gully, S. M. (2012). Organizational behavior : Tools for success. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, J. W., Ginter, P. M. (2008). Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pulishers. Tannenbaum, A. S. (2006). Heirarchy in organizations: An international comparison. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Sea Cliffs - Habitats of High, Rocky Coastlines

Sea Cliffs - Habitats of High, Rocky Coastlines Sea cliffs are high, rocky coasts that plunge down to the seas edge. These harsh environments are subject to the battering of waves, wind, and salt-laden sea spray. Conditions on a sea cliff vary as you move up the cliff, with waves and sea spray playing larger parts in shaping the communities at the base of a sea cliff while wind, weather, and sun exposure are the driving forces that shape the communities towards the top of a sea cliff. Sea cliffs provide ideal nesting habitat for many species of sea birds such as gannets, cormorants, kittiwakes, and guillemots. Some cliff-nesting species form large, dense nesting colonies that stretch across the face of the cliff, taking advantage of every inch of available rock. At the base of the cliff, the pommeling by the surf prohibits all but the most tenacious of animals from surviving there. Mollusks and other invertebrates such as crabs and echinoderms occasionally find shelter behind rocky outcrops or tucked within tiny crevices. The top of the sea cliff is often more forgiving than its base and can be frequented by wildlife from surrounding terrain. Often, the craggy edges at the top of a cliff provide ideal habitat for small mammals, reptiles, and birds. Habitat Classification: Ecozones: Terrestrial / Marine Ecosystem: Beaches / Coasts Habitat: Sea Cliffs Wildlife: Birds, mammals, invertebrates, reptiles. Where to See: Sea cliffs are located along rocky coastlines throughout the world.

Business requirements Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business requirements - Assignment Example Among the advances of technology, include the innovation of the micro processor which increased the amount of processed information as compared to the information that individuals and firms could have processed, internet innovation also led to availability of markets that are functional always whereby information could be passed at the appropriate time. On the other hand, changes in the communication sector makes businesses are allocated in areas where production costs are low but high profit margins. Advancements in the communication sector have led to creation on global markets since marketers effectively communicate with their consumers. Hence, the continuous innovation space in which recognized firms tend to thrive is shown by a dependence on subsisting value networks as well as a contented financial hurdle rate. Nevertheless, this space is not without defies even for original corporations. Thus, scrutinizing it facilitate the provision views on the hardships ascertained companie s stumble upon when they depart the relative comfort zone of maintaining innovation. Therefore, the article is all about identifying the main mobile business model aspects in conjunction with their interdependencies and providing analysis of MNOs with an aim of improving their BMs in this new competitive environment. Moreover, changes in technology have led to global businesses since firms have expand globally, transported products to their consumers at a cost effective price and communicate with them effectively. Likewise, the convergence of these technologies is to enable mobile users to converse richer information in extraordinary levels of litheness and expediency (Al-Debei & Avison 217). One of the essential uses of markets and hierarchies in the electronic business is that the electronic market is able to cover a broad range of activities for the seller and the customer that converge at one place. Activities become easier and convenient

Exercise 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exercise 2 - Assignment Example What would be the incremental effect on the companys overall profit of reworking and selling the material rather than selling it as is as scrap? Question 11: A study has been conducted to determine if Product A should be dropped. Sales of the product total $200,000 per year; variable expenses total $140,000 per year. Fixed expenses charged to the product total $90,000 per year. The company estimates that $40,000 of these fixed expenses will continue even if the product is dropped. These data indicate that if Product A is dropped, the companys overall net operating income would: Question 12: The Kelsh Company has two divisions--North and South. The divisions had the above revenues and expenses. Management at Kelsh is pondering the elimination of North Division. If North Division were eliminated, its traceable fixed expenses could be avoided. The total common corporate expenses would be unaffected. Given these data, the elimination of North Division would result in an overall company net operating income of: Question 14: The management of Heider Corporation is considering dropping product J14V. Data from the companys accounting system appears above. In the companys accounting system all fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products. Further investigation has revealed that $211,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $172,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product J14V is discontinued. What would be the effect on the companys overall net operating income if product J14V were dropped? Peluso Company, a manufacturer of snowmobiles, is operating at 70% of plant capacity. Pelusos plant manager is considering making the headlights now being purchased from an outside supplier for $11 each. The Peluso plant has idle equipment that could be used to manufacture the headlights. The design engineer estimates that each headlight requires $4 of direct materials, $3

EXPERIENCE FROM MEMORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EXPERIENCE FROM MEMORY - Essay Example Naturally, I am not a good artist-I am poor in drawing and things to do with painting. This explains why when notices were pinned all over the school notifying the students that a drawing competition was due and that the best candidate would win a prize, I was sure I would just do it for purposes of fulfilling the requirement of the notice but not pitching myself for the top candidate in the event. Therefore, my resolution was real and was based on the simple fact that, in our class was the best artist in the entire schools, and even one of the administration offices bore the portrait of the principal-courtesy of his handwork. It was thus unwise to imagine outsmarting such a person in competition he is much talented on that I was. Everybody was given two weeks to submit a completed portrait of the minister for Education through artistic drawing. It brought much hype I school with most of the normal school programs interrupted- during games and other activities; student would absconded such and attend to their portrait drawing. I gave up long ago and decided to do it last minute because there was going to be no difference. After one week, I took a different thought, I said to myself, why I cannot just do my best in this exercise so that I know where I rightly belong. I went to the library, took some of the basis drawing books read a few ideas on drawing like how to bring contrast, overlap and creation of desired impressions in drawing. From the basic knowledge, I went and downloaded one of the minister’s pictures in his joyful moments and started my work. I did my work in stages while keeping the deadline time, on the final day I was ready to deliver my drawing since I only had to fix the frame. Every other person did their best hoping to emerge the best, but with our guru friend I the picture I think all of us were after position two, unfortunately you count know this

Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sources - Essay Example New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. McAllister-Spooner, S. M. (2009). Fulfilling the dialogic promise: A ten-year reflective survey on dialogic Internet principles. Public Relations Review, 320-322. This article begins with a discussion of the framework of dialogic communication using the world-wide-web provided by Kent and Taylor. The literature suggests that various studies have been conducted in order to analyze the use of dialogic communication in various websites. It goes on to state that even non-profit firms have applied this concept to their websites. However, the author critiques this by stating that dialogic tools were indeed very poorly applied in the development of these websites. The websites mentioned in this article provide only a basic level platform for interaction with users. They are user-friendly and useful in providing information but they fail to capitalize on the Internet’s ability to develop and sustain relationships between the corporation and the community. The research findings are also suggestive of the fact that forces pertaining to the corporation and its departments are inhibiting the utilization of the Internet’s interactive potential. The article relates to dialogic communication as it critiques the use of this concept by stating that its practical application is weak when it comes to the way some websites are designed. Thus, the use of web medium for reaching out to the public has not been capitalized on by corporations in a manner that would be engaging. The article concludes by offering recommendations in this regard by suggesting that face-to-face communication will remain an ideal platform for ensuring dialogic interaction. Also, dialogic communication is hampered by internal policies and inert forces such as organizational politics. Thus, developing effective public relations via the internet requires effective dialogic communication. Mifsud, M. L., & Johnson, S. D. (2000). Dialogic, dialectic, and rhetoric: Explor ing human dialogue across the discipline. Southern Communication Journal , 91-104. Newcomb, H. M. (1984). On the dialogic aspects of mass communication. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 34-50. Ryan, J., & Viete, R. (2009). Respectful interactions: learning with international students in the English-speaking academy. Teaching in Higher Education, 303-314. This paper describes the significance of dialogic or two-way human interactions in promoting English education to international students. It begins by stating that students who come from abroad to study in Australian educational institutions face cultural and linguistic issues which results in their getting disengaged from what is being taught in the classroom. The native-speaker phenomenon in English universities dissuades non-native speakers from effectively learning what is being taught. Owing to these cultural and linguistic differences, the method of teaching offered to such international students must be more interactiv e and engaging than that offered to native students. In this sense, the authors define the need for a more dialogic and engaging communication between the instructors and the international students. What is core to learning in Australian institutions is the diverse potential of learning that comes from a multi-cultural student body. Despite the accommodation of global aspects into the institutions’ curricula, foreign students repeatedly face deficiencies in their oral communication as well as the pressure to conform to the norms inherent in local bodies.