Dartmouth Early Decision Figures

Dartmouth Early Decision Figures December 14, 2013 The Dartmouth Early Decision figures are in. 469 students earned admission in the Early round (photo credit: Gavin Huang). The Dartmouth Early Decision figures are in for the Class of 2018. In the Early round, 469 students earned admission to the College on the Hill. As you may remember, 1,678 students applied for Early Decision admission to Dartmouth this fall. That number marked an increase of over 6 percent from last years Early Decision applicant pool. This group of 469 admitted students will eventually comprise approximately 40 percent of the overall Dartmouth Class of 2018. So that leaves 60 percent of the class to be filled through the Regular Decision pool. According to Dartmouths website, Among the admitted students, the mean SAT score was 2156 and the mean ACT score was 32.1. Among students who attend schools that report rank, 31 percent are ranked first in their class and 94 percent are ranked in the top 10 percent. The mean ACT score of accepted students is in the 98th percentile, and the average SAT score placed in the 97th percentile. Maria Laskaris, the Dean of Admissions at Dartmouth, expressed satisfaction not only with the increase in the size of the Early Decision applicant pool but also in the increased quality of the pool. As Dartmouth has an Early Decision policy, students admitted in the Early round are bound to attend.

Partisan Politics During The Declaration Of Independence

Partisan politics in America surfaced after the Declaration of Independence was signed and the debate over the path the country was going to take began. Alexander Hamilton, George Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury and loose interpreter of the Constitution, wanted the United States to be a pioneer of world trade and a manufacturing hub. Whereas, Thomas Jefferson, 3rd U.S. President and strict interpreter of the Constitution, was used to a rural America and saw no reason to fraternize on an international level. In order to maintain world power status as Hamilton desired, a stronger, larger central government is required than that of a mainly agrarian economy. That is why the Federalists wished to loosely abide by the Constitution; they wanted a stronger country by means that were unconstitutional by stating that the powers explicitly designated to the Federal Government could be broadly interpreted. Jefferson, James Madison, and other Republicans, of course did not want any thing not set forth by our founding fathers to take place. The reason why Jefferson believed in this role of government was because America finally just declared their independence and Federalists were attempting to construct another Great Britain. After all, did Americans not just evade from an authority who made up rules as they saw fit? The Necessary and Proper Clause in the United States Constitution states that Congress should have the power to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry outShow MoreRelatedAbigail Adams Biography1705 Words   |  7 Pageslegislation and news events of the American Revolution. As the colonial fight for independence from the mother country ensued, Abigail Adams was appointed by the Massachusetts Colony General Court in 1775, along with Mercy Warren and the governors wife Hannah Winthrop to question their fellow Massachusetts women who were charged by their word or action of remaining loyal to the British crown and working against the independence movement. †¦you are now a politician and now elected into an important officeRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt : Women s Rights1074 Words   |  5 Pagesbed. Eleanor Roosevelt’s interest in politics began before her husband’s career though. When she helped FDR run for New York governor, her political interest increased and she fell in love with it. The same occurred when Woodrow Wilson appointed FDR to the position of Assistant Navy Secretary. She helped him fulfill most of the social requirements and later helped First Lady Ellen Wilson improve housing conditions in bigger cities such as Chicago. During the 1920 s presidential election, EleanorRead MoreCommunication Is A Vital Weapon Of American Politics1757 Words   |  8 Pages Communication is a vital weapon in American politics. Our leaders have won and lost our favor with organized speech since before the signing of the declaration of independence. With a well written speech, and a practiced delivery, one man can change the views of our entire country. No one has done this more successfully than Ronald Reagan. When Ronald Reagan gave the televised speech A Time for Choosing for the Barry Goldwater Campaign in 1964, he changed the way that American campaign speechesRead MoreAn Ethical Analysis Of Against Capital Punishment1392 Words   |  6 Pagesdon’t know how it feels to have a loved one hurt or killed and the people that hold grudges and strive for revenge, views on the fate of offenders matter? Or should the victims’ families opinions matter the most because they are the ones suffering during the long death penalty process? For the people that are wrongfully accused, the death penalty is the opposite of justice. A man named Ernest (Shujaa) Graham was convicted in 1976 for first degree murder and was sentenced to death. After servingRead More Abigail Adams and How She Shaped the Role of Women in American History1677 Words   |  7 Pagestheir family faith was Congregational. The Adams’s were an active family in throughout the community and involved in the politics of the time. A majority of Adams’s younger days consisted of corresponding with family and friends and reading. Her childhood and young adult life didn’t involve much singing, dancing or card playing as young women typically participated in during the time, as she was always quite a sickly child. Adams did however have access to her family’s extensive library that datedRead MoreNevada Constitution Vs. Nevada1696 Words   |  7 Pagescom/academic/product/the-nevada-state-constitution-9780199892549?cc=uslang=en The Nevada constitution grants citizens more freedom and rights, in Nevada’s Bill of Rights, compared to the United States constitution. By implementing the wording in reminiscent to the Jefferson Declaration of Independence â€Å"All men are by nature free and equal, have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty acquiring, Possessing and Protecting property and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness†. AlsoRead MoreDefinition Of The Emancipation Proclamation Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pages These causes helped organize modern laws for the new days of warfare. (Schwartz) With the greatest irony of the war being Lincolns willingness to renounce the emancipation making abolishing problematic, and Daviss unwillingness to renounce independence made abolishment certain for the sake of the Union. (Schwartz) Secondly, issuing this essential document, the Union gained defense by freed slaves fighting in the Union army. This provided compensated emancipation to hard-working slavesRead MoreAnalysis of a Very Short Story by Ernest Hemingway1260 Words   |  6 Pagesperhaps the most powerful upper house of any legislative body in the world. Members of the Senate are elected by first-past-the-post voting in every state except Louisiana and Washington, which have run-offs. Activity in the Senate tends to be less partisan and more individualistic than in the House of Representatives. Senate rules permit what is called a filibuster when a senator, or a series of senators, can speak for as long as they wish and on any topic they choose, unless a supermajority of three-fifthsRead MoreAnalysis of a Very Short Story by Ernest Hemingway1260 Words   |  6 Pagesperhaps the most powerful upper house of any legislative body in the world. Members of the Senate are elected by first-past-the- post voting in every state except Louisiana and Washington, which have run-offs. Activity in the Senate tends to be less partisan and more individualistic than in the House of Representatives. Senate rules permit what is called a filibuster when a senator, or a series of senators, can speak for as long as they wish and on any topic they choose, unless a supermajority of three-fifthsRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 Pagesestablished limitations on the power of the king. Which of the following was guaranteed in the English Bill of Rights? Freedom from taxation without representation. Whose ideas about government greatly influenced the men who drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? John Locke The writings of John Locke, a British philosopher of the Enlightenment period, had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers. What was the colonists’ primary complaint about the rule of the British

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Ophelias Descent to Madness in Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay

People have mostly seen women inferior to men because women have been thought of as simple-minded and could not take care of themselves. Shakespeare’s Hamlet shows how men treated and thought of women during the 1500s. There was an order most did not interfere with; however, some did. In the 1500s, women were supposed to conform to men’s wishes. Throughout the play, Ophelia first obeyed her father and brother’s wishes, ignored the social norms later, and then went mad, which caused her to never gain her own identity. To stay in control, the men in Hamlet taught Ophelia to fear her every day, natural thoughts causing her not to think for herself. Gabrielle Danes article, Reading Ophelias Madness, discusses Polonius and Laertes†¦show more content†¦In Hamlet, Polonius says, Read on this book, that show of such an exercise may colour your loneliness (3.1.46-49). Polonius instructs Ophelia to read the book so Hamlet would approach her, and Polonius and Claud ius could find out why Hamlet went mad. Conclusion. In the beginning of the play, Ophelia was like any other obedient young woman during the time. In Understanding Hamlet, Richard Corum shows that Ophelia is obedient. He writes, Though Hamlet has been courting her, Ophelia willingly obeys her father when he tells her to discourage the princes advances (Corum 26). Ophelia obeys her fathers demands because it was expected during that time of women to comply with mens wishes. In Hamlet, Ophelia disregards her own feelings towards Hamlet. Ophelia does as she is told: POL. This is for all: I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth, have you slander any moment leisure, as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look tot, I charge you. Come your ways. OPH. I shall obey, my lord (1.3.131-36) Even though Ophelia has a fondness for Hamlet, she listens to her father when he tells her to leave Hamlet alone. Conclusion. Because of all the men in her life using her, Ophelia soon becomes confused. Dane tells about Ophelias descent to growing confused in Reading Ophelias Madness. She states, Male voices fill her head, guiding her very thoughts [...] she grows more and more confused, more sundered from any sense ofShow MoreRelatedMental Illness in Shakespeares Works1371 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Shakespeare’s many works, mental illnesses have played an undeniable part in many of them, especially his tragedies. From Lady Macbeth hallucination of a bloody spot leading to her suicide, to Hamlet’s faked illness and Ophelia’s very real illness, afflictions of the mind are featured prominently in the Bard of Avalon’s many works. Still, in the Elizabethan era, understanding of mental illness was rudimentary at best, as were the methods of treating it. During the Middle Ages and ElizabethanRead More Essay on Ophelia - The Innocent Victim in Shakespeares Hamlet830 Words   |  4 PagesOphelia - The Innocent Victim in Shakespeares Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚   Poor Ophelia, she lost her lover, her father, her mind, and, posthumously, her brother. Ophelia is the only truly innocent victim in Hamlet. This essay will examine Ophelias downward spiral from a chaste maiden to nervous wreck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the beginning of the play, in Act I Scene iii, Laertes and Polonius are trying to convince her that Hamlet does not love her and only is interested in her so he can sleep with her. LaertesRead MoreShakespeares Presentation of Ophelia Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeares Presentation of Ophelia As one of only two women in the play, it is perhaps surprising that Ophelias character is presented as being so very unsubstantial and passive. In particular, Ophelia fails to express any points of view and her only clear emotions are fear (after Hamlets reported visit to her) and regret (at Hamlets rejection of her). Furthermore, she never demands any freedom, nor questions Polonius curt and misplaced Read MoreOphelias Suicide Essay2487 Words   |  10 Pagesgeneral public, the character of Ophelia in â€Å"Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† offers the reader a tantalizing mystery - did Ophelia truly commit suicide? Bear in mind that in the deeply religious culture that was the basis for the inception of Hamlet, suicide was a mortal sin, bearing with it the consequence of eternal punishment and damnation, burial in unconsecrated ground and shame to be forever associated with the deceased. Or, perhaps, was Ophelia’s death an accident, or a murder? While there isRead MoreHamlet Temperament Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet is a play written by William Shakespeare around the turn of the 17th century that is believed to be based off of Seneca, one of the first â€Å"revenge tragedies† (â€Å"Hamlet: Violence†). Hamlet is considered to be a tragedy because at the end of the story only one major character, Horatio, is left alive. The revenge plot occurs mainly between Hamlet and Claudius after Claudius kills Hamlet’s father. As more people become involved on either side of their conflict, additional sources for revenge areRead MoreHamlet Was Not Shakespeare’S First Tragedy, Nor Would It1627 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet was not Shakespeare’s first tragedy, nor would it be his last, but it is certainly one of his most venerated for one reason in particular: Hamlet himself, the tragic hero. Not even Aristotle could have predicted that a character as complex and intricate as Hamlet would ever com e into writing, although he did lay the foundation for which Hamlet could be built upon. As with most tragic heroes, where Hamlet begins in the play gives tremendous magnitude to where he eventually ends. He begins asRead MoreThe Examination of Hamlet and Laertes as Foils Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet relays Hamlet’s quest to avenge the murder of his father, the king of Denmark. The late King Hamlet was murdered by his brother, Claudius, who took the throne and Hamlet’s mother Gertrude for himself. Hamlet is beseeched by the ghost of his father to take vengeance upon Claudius; while he swears to do so, the prince inexplicably delays killing Claudius for months on end. Hamlet’s feeble attempt to first confirm his uncle’s guilt with a play that recountsRead More Shakespeare the Plagiarist Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesothers were in his great director and playwright skills. The play Hamlet is one of the most re-created and re-written books to date. Hamlet is still being performed in theaters around the world. Even though many people perceive Shakespeare as a literary genius, we can not give him sole credit for his plays and sonnets. With a few exceptions, Shakespeare did not invent the plots of his plays. Sometimes he used old stories (Hamlet, Pericles). Sometimes he worked from the stories of comparativelyRead MoreThe Opening Line Of Hamlet s Speech Essay1830 Words   |  8 PagesThe opening line of Hamlet’s speech, â€Å"to be or not to be† could be considered Shakespeare’s most famous as often times it is easily recognized and quoted without any real understanding of its significance (3.1.1749). At this moment, this question is of the utmost importance, literally a question of life and death; however, its simple phrasing gives it a significance greater than just Hamlet in his moment of despair. Hamlet poses the question in the cloudiest yet clearest way possible. He does not askRead More Gertrude of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay3047 Words   |  13 PagesThe Gertrude of Shakespeare’s Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚   Is Gertrude, in the Shakespearean drama Hamlet, a bore? A killer’s accomplice? The perfect queen? A dummy? This paper will answer many questions concerning Claudius’ partner on the Danish throne.    In her essay, â€Å"Acts III and IV: Problems of Text and Staging,† Ruth Nevo explains how the hero’s negative outlook toward Gertrude influences his attitude toward Ophelia:    Whereas it is precisely his total inability to know her [Ophelia]

Reflection Of A Project Manager Essay - 1456 Words

Part 2. Reflection Project manager as the name suggests is the one who has to everything from start to end for a project and he has everything that goes on in a project is done under his supervision. He is the commander of everything and in the end if something goes wrong then he is the one who will be held responsible and not the workers or the labor or anything for that matter. So obviously being a project manager is not an easy task and cannot be given to anyone. To be a project manager you just don’t have to have the technical skills but also personal and professional skills. You should have motivational skills and you should know how to create a positive and friendly atmosphere at work. A perfect project manager would be the one who balances everything in the most perfect manner possible. A project manager has to have technical knowledge in depth and he should be trained enough before he starts working for clients because clients put a lot of money in their projects and it all risks in one man’s hand and he is the project manager. He should be knowledgeable enough to know how much to put and where to put correctly. One wrong decision by him can cause hundreds and thousands of dollars to the client and in some cases even more. He should be active and focused on his work from start to end, there is no stage in the project which is not important or less important. Everything and anything is important and a project manager should know that, so until the project is handedShow MoreRelatedReflection Of A Project Manager Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesA project is purposeful when it accomplishes its goals and when it meets the expectations of the stakeholders. The project sponsors are the one, who enforces the decisions regarding the project. Everyone in the organizat ion such as project manager, contractors, project team members and suppliers need their work in order to reach the final destination of a project. Fig: Reflection of an Organization Let’s discuss in briefly about the organization in managing the system rules and responsibilitiesRead MoreProject Planning And Control Relationship1401 Words   |  6 Pageserror, some are learned through observations, and some from reflection. Reflection allows someone to look back on how things transpired and what could have been done better despite a negative or positive outcome. A discussion on project relationships, planning, control, and reporting was addressed during this course. This assignment reflects back on the lessons learned during this course and how they may be applied in the work place. Project Planning and Control Relationship According to Dwight D EisenhowerRead MoreThe Impact Of Organizational Culture On Project Management Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesOrganisational Culture on Project management Abstract Two companies do not always get the same success level of projects even if they used same project management process for similar projects. The reason which leads to this situation is related to the culture of the organisation. Organisational culture, a conceptual issue, which influence the success rate of project management during the life cycle of a project. This study finds out that organisational culture affect project management in four ways:Read MoreBook Review - Managers Not Mbas a Hard Look at the Sodt Practice of Management by Henry Mintzberg1651 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization Behavior – I Assignment – Book Review (Managers not MBAs, A hard look at the soft practice of managing and management development– Henry Mintzberg) Mayank Sinha Roll No 88 Section B PGDM 2009-11 Exposition of a critique The leitmotif of the book is that the practice of management can only be learned by the action-reflection model. Management is the practice of getting the right things done, individually and collectively, and learningRead MoreThe Principles Of Project Management1748 Words   |  7 Pagesprinciples of project management, it incorporates the basic belief and put forward a framework for addressing risk and uncertainties within project management domain. This model has been formulated by undertaking serious research involving multiple dimensions. Henceforth, the model presents a solid framework to understand basic project elements and map them accordingly to understand what type of methodologies and skill set will be required by the project manager to effectively manage the project meet itsRead MoreAnalyzing The Project Execution, Reporting, And Managing Resources For Eco Trans884 Words   |  4 Pagesthe project execution, reporting, and managing resources for ECO-Trans will show wher e the companies project could benefit. ECO-Trans is a company based in Europe that provides a driver assist technology used on buses, trains, and other mass transit vehicles. Their new product allows for a better driver performance that analyzes routes and advises the worker on which patterns to use resulting fuel savings. The case study analysis will show where fault and area for improvement. The project managementRead MoreGenuine Reflection Paper1050 Words   |  5 PagesReflection is more than considering how we carried out a nursing action. Genuine reflection requires us not just to provide justifications for our behaviors, but to continue to study and appraise ourselves and own personal development including how we communicate and interact with others. Self-reflection ensures we carry out our nursing obligations according to the requirements of our practice and that we connect and consider our patients and coworkers in a caring way (Jacobs, 2016). Nurses alsoRead MoreAssignment On Professional Roles Through Case Studies1120 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional Competencies Assessment 1 Reflection on professional roles through case studies Melad Baher Saaed Alyonan – SID: 19081221 Common professions in the construction industry are: †¢ Building Designer – Simply is a person who designs buildings. In fact, there are many aspects more than design is the building designer responsibility and it’s a part of his day to day duties like site survey, calculating quantity and choosing the suitable quality of the project, prepare documents, planning, organizingRead MoreProject Management Techniques For Success And Failure1589 Words   |  7 PagesProject Management Techniques for Success and Failure Individual Assignment BPM501, Semester 1 2016 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2 2. Project Classification 2 2.1 project success factor 2.2 cause of project failure 2.3 project success factor of IT 2.4 project failure factor of IT 3. Scope of the literature 4 3.1 Key words 3.2 Databases 3.3 Journals 4. Background (Headings and subheadings) 5 5. Discussion 6. Recommendations 7. Conclusion 8. YourRead MoreThe Waterfall Approach For Software Development Projects1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe waterfall approach to software development projects is a linear model, which focuses on individual stages of development including, requirement identification, analysis, design, coding, testing and operations. While this model has been around for decades, there are many drawbacks. This method heavily focuses on extensive documentation and front loaded requirements gathering; thus inviting the opportunity for significant and costly failures. As the landscape of information technology in the business

Bad Credit Cards Free Essays

Some Americans have been under the impression that credit cards are a valuable financial tool because credit cards give them leverage with their credit scores and also can make it possible to purchase and do things they may not otherwise be able to do. Even though this may be true for some this is not always the case. Credit cards are harmful not only to the American people’s finances but also the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Credit Cards or any similar topic only for you Order Now Credit cards are the number one reason for personal debt and bankruptcy in America today because of little or no understanding of interest rates and the false sense of security that owning multiple cards gives. Most Americans have the desire for a more convenient lifestyle and credit card companies make it so easy to obtain their cards that it has become a trend in America for most families to have at least five or more credit cards per household. The high importance society has placed on establishing credit has started to open Americans’ eyes on how credit card use has impacted their pockets financially as well as the pockets of the top three major credit bureaus. It is no secret that without credit cards it is almost impossible for Americans to obtain certain items like reserving hotel rooms, renting a car and, purchasing airline tickets. Americans have been sucked into the policies of the credit card companies. The tops three credit bureaus, Transunion, Experian and Equifax all exist because of the requirements society places on developing credit. These bureaus have the power to determine how much credit a person has and if that person is entitled to receive any more credit. Credit bureaus determine whether a person gets a car, home, or business loan making it a necessity for the American consumer to attain credit stature by obtaining credit cards. In today’s society they are a must-have. Studies show that the United States households have received approximately 5. billion new credit card offers in 2009. This push from the credit card companies is pressuring Americans to place such a high importance on using credit cards that many Americans are not stopping to read and understand the contracts that they are signing. The shocking truth is that even if Americans were taking the time to read the contract, some would still not understand what the contract was actually saying. On average the United States credit card agreement is written at a 12 grade level, please note that most Americans who receive a high school diploma read at a ninth grade level even though they received 12 years of education. The toughest card agreement to read is from GTE Federal Credit Union. Their contract is set at 18. 5 reading level, which is the reading level equivalent of someone who has spent more than six years in college. The credit card companies have so many rules and hard to understand terms with their card contracts, that most Americans do not take the time to research and understand the rules; this causes debt and a large amount of it. Once the debt is there the credit bureaus are making money because Americans have to pay to check their credit score. Americans today have a strong desire for the simple lifestyle; credit cards give them the feeling that they are achieving this because of the ease of spending and false ideas of financial security. The sad truth is that credit cards are the leading cause of high debt and bankruptcy in America. Even, if someone does have good credit and are on time with the payment every month they pay high interest if the full balance is not paid in full each month, which most Americans cannot afford. Some Americans pay the minimal amount each month. This is the credit companies’ biggest snafu. The minimum payment is an interest-only payment and does not decrease the loan’s principal. If they would do the math they would see that it would take 180 years or more to pay off their credit card debt. That is an outrageous amount of time. The United States total revolving debt is $852. 6 billion as of March 2010, of which 98% is made up of credit card debt. The average credit card debt per household is $15,788. These statistics are far too high. This makes it easier to understand how debt is the number one reason Americans are suffering financially. The total bankruptcy filings in 2009 reached 1. million, which is up from the 1. 09 million that was recorded in 2008. Americans are so absorbed by the credit cards that a study was done in 2006 by the United States Census Bureau that determined there were nearly 1. 5 billion credit cards in use in America. A stack of all those cards would reach more than 70 miles into space and be almost as tall as 13 Mount Everest as reported by the New York Times on February 23, 2009. An important factor in credit card debt is the penalty fees Americans are receiving from card companies. In 2009 penalty fees added up to be 20. billion dollars according to R. K. Hammer, a consultant to the credit card industry. Aside from the vicious debt cycle, another issue with credit cards is fraud. In today’s culture, people are not finding the honest neighbors and trustworthy merchants, found in past generations. Now Americans have the World Wide Web or Internet, where consumers can buy almost anything they like with a couple clicks, and, of course, a Visa or MasterCard. This high speed Internet has given today’s thieves a high speed means to steal credit card information and turn a 780 credit score into a zero within minutes. In 2009 the number of identification fraud victims in the United States rose 12% to 11. 1 million, which is the highest level sense the Javelin survey began in 2003. All this fraud has Americans choosing their number one fear today not as terrorism, health viruses or personal safety; it is fraud that they fear and stress about the most. All this is taking a toll on Americans and slowly making them aware that not everyone is nice and trusting. Not just that, but it is killing the economy little by little. Americans are purchasing less because the fear of falling into debt or becoming a victim of fraud is becoming a very real scenario. In a recent report done by Consumer Report Magazine in November 2009 surveys showed that 21% of consumers said they were treated unfairly by credit card companies and 32% have paid off and closed their accounts. Half reported the reason for canceling the accounts was the card issuers hiking up their interest rates and imposing high account fees. Also in the report 45% of all consumers said they are using their cards less because they trust the credit card companies less. A Javelin study performed in 2009 showed credit card use has plummeted from 97% in 2007 to 72% in 2008, which is a 25% drop within over a year. All this debt and fraud is taking a toll on Americans and the economy, little by little Americans are purchasing less because the fear of credit card debt or becoming a victim of fraud is a very real life scenario. Americans are starting to slowly remember and realize that what was once borrowed must be paid back and that if they do not have the cash for it then perhaps they do not need it. How to cite Bad Credit Cards, Essay examples

Effects on Household Demand Coffee and Tea

Question: Discuss about the Effects on Household Demand for Coffee and Tea. Answer: Introduction It is well-known that, demand as well as supply is crucial ideas that are commonly utilized by the business firms to fulfill the demands of customers in an appropriate manner. These both are the key aspects in the area of economics. Moreover, demand and supply have a major effect on each other. They influence the demand and supply of a product or service in the marketplace. These both ideas assume a noteworthy part to choose the cost and amount of a specific item or product. The connection of free market activity is fundamental to decide the cost of an item in the commercial center. In addition to this, this research essay would be valuable to portray the main considerations that may have an impact on the demand and supply of a product or service in a market. With regards to this examination exposition, I might want to choose espresso as an item to depict the central point that may influence demand as well as supply of the chosen item. On the whole, this research essay would be helpf ul to increase the knowledge of the researchers about these important factors of the economics. Demand Supply In economic aspects, demand as well as supply of a good as well as service may impact by lots of elements. The main considerations that can influence demand and additionally supply of espresso in the Australia market are depicted as beneath: Cost of a Commodity: Beyond any doubt cost is a key component that influences demand and supply of a ware. Costs of products or services have an impact on the demand as well as supply side of an item. As per the law of interest, if the cost of an item raises then the supply of that item abatements and vice versa. For case in point, if espressos cost will drop off then the demand and supply of espresso will raise automatically in the Australian market. The principle explanation for it is that the diminished costs of an item instigate clients to purchase greater amount quickly (Griffith, OConnell and Smith, 2015). Price of Alternate Goods: This is additionally other central point that affects the demand and supply of a product. In the event that the substitute merchandise is accessible at the brought down value then individuals will pick the substitute items in inclination to their favored item. For instance, Tea, Postum, Qishr, Caro, and so on are the real substitutes of espresso (Hirschey and Bentzen, 2016). On the off chance that the cost of espresso is high in the nation then individuals will demonstrate their enthusiasm for the buy of its substitute merchandise. The increased demand of substitute products will reduce the demand and supply of espresso in the market. The decreased demand of espresso will boost the demand as well as supply of its alternate goods inside the country. Wage Level of Consumers: The pay level of customers is the other key component that influences demand and supply of a ware. An expanded pay level assumes a noteworthy part keeping in mind the end goal to build the demand of an item. The fundamental explanation for it is that, with the assistance of an expanded pay level, individuals turn out to be more ready to buy a product in the favored amount. An expanded wage level additionally increment the supply of an item in the market. It is a result of when the demand of the item will build then the supply of that item will likewise increment naturally (Mina, Lahr and Hughes, 2013). For instance, an expanded salary level of individuals will build the demand of espresso in the Australian market. It is a direct result of individuals will incline toward espresso rather than other substitute items that are low-valued in contrast with espresso. A diminished pay level will likewise impact the demand and supply of an item. For instance, abatement in the salary level of buyers will decrease the demand and supply of espresso in the commercial center. It is a direct result of, in this circumstance, the item would not be reasonable for the brought down pay individuals of the country. Rivalry: Competition is an imperative element that straightforwardly impacts the demand of an item/ware. There are a lot of coffee suppliers and therefore; there is a situation of high rivalry in the marketplace of Australia. On the off chance, if a firm diminishes its costs then the clients will buy its items instead of others. If a rival offers a different kind of espresso with new flavors tastes then individuals will definitely show their interests in new tastes in place of old tastes. Therefore rivalry is viewed as a central point that influences the demand and supply of an item with no uncertainty (Kolk, 2013). Preferences of Consumers: The tastes and inclinations of shoppers likewise impact the demand and supply of an item straightforwardly. In the event that clients don't perceive any adjustment in the essence of espresso and feel exhausted with a similar taste then they can move towards the other substitute result of espresso(Yohannes and Matsuda, 2016).. In addition, climate additionally influences the demand and supply of espresso. It is because of people generally preferred hot beverages in winter season instead of summer. As a result, the demand as well as supply of espresso will absolutely rise in the winter season. Hope of Price Change in Future: The chances of cost change in future have an effect on the current demand and supply of products or services. For instance, if costs of espresso will increment in future then individuals might want to store a tremendous amount of espresso. This will expand the demand of espresso in the marketplace (Hirschey, 2008). Conclusion On the premise of above study, it can be anticipated that, demand as well as supply is the most important aspects in the context of economics. These both concepts share a strong relationship. One concept influences another concept automatically. Along with this, it is also observed that, demand and supply influence the economic growth of the nations in both positive and negative manner. Additionally, there are various components including price, alternate goods price, wages level, rivalry, and so on that may impact demand as well as supply of a good or service in the marketplace. References Griffith, R., OConnell, M. and Smith, K. (2015). Relative prices, consumer preferences, and the demand for food. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 31(1), pp. 116-130. Available At: https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article/31/1/116/433336/Relative-prices-consumer-preferences-and-the [Accessed On: 7th April 2017] Hirschey, M. (2008). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics. USA: Cengage Learning. Hirschey, M. and Bentzen, E. (2016). Managerial Economics. USA: Cengage Learning. Kolk, A. (2013). Mainstreaming sustainable coffee. Sustainable Development, 21(5), pp. 324-337. Available At: https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/1550595/141906_SSRN_id1713977.pdf [Accessed On: 7th April 2017] Mina, A., Lahr, H. and Hughes, A. (2013). The demand and supply of external finance for innovative firms. Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(4), pp. 869-901. Available At: https://academic.oup.com/icc/article/22/4/869/754182/The-demand-and-supply-of-external-finance-for [Accessed On: 7th April 2017] Yohannes, M. F. and Matsuda, T. (2016). Weather Effects on Household Demand for Coffee and Tea in Japan. Agribusiness, 32(1), pp. 33-44.

Contemporary Issues in Business Symptom of the European Crisis

Question: 1. The identification and justification of a contemporary issue in business for investigation. This issue should be consistent with your programme title and level 6 study (worth 20 marks); 2. The development of a coherent and critical literature review consistent with the identified contemporary business issue drawing on both academic and practitioner sources (worth 40 marks);3. The development of a coherent and critical synthesis of the academic and practitioner literature resulting in the identification of best practice with respect to the management of the identified contemporary issue in business. Answer: Introduction Various contemporary issues are faced by a business and the problem mainly includes the legal and the technological issues. The withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) is termed as Brexit. The British will exit from EU, and that is the reason it is termed as Brexit. The new local developments are abreast by the firm planners. Uncertainty has been created after the UK made the decision to leave the EU as the Tech companies which are based in the UK normally employ the nationals from EU (DesJardins McCall, 2014). The report mainly provides a newsworthy introduction to the business environment in the UK. The aim of the report is to provide a basic understanding of the theory and the factors that lead to the contemporary issues. The European Union that is EU is the largest trade partner of the UK which accounts for half of the exports and imports in UK. The economy of the UK is also affected by the EU membership, and it leads to lower barriers to trade. However, if UK leaves EU, it will result in less trade between the UK and the EU which, is mainly due to higher tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade (Koutrakos, 2016). In the long-run one of the contemporary issues that will be faced in the UK, business is the slower productivity growth. The foreign direct investment and the economic regulation in the UK will also be affected if the UK leaves the EU. The yearly net immigration has more than doubled from the EU which reached almost 183,000 in the year 2015 (Green et al., 2016). The future relationship between the UK and the EU will decide the power of the UK to restrict immigration. In order to retain the full access to the single market, the UK needs to allow the free trade between the UK and the EU. More than of the exports in the UK depend on the EU. As a result, more than 63 percent of the UK goods exports of the multinational companies are associated with the EU membership (Dustmann Frattini, 2014). Identification of contemporary business issue One of the primary sources of concern related to the businesses in Britain is the possibility that the UK might leave EU that is the European Union. This will, in turn, damage the UK economy as well as the business in UK. As a result, the regulatory divergence will get increased over the time which in turn will reduce the volume of trade in the UK. This will have an impact on the businesses that has invested in the Europe and also the trading that takes place in the UK. The UK will have the probability of striking new trade deals based on the domestic precedence. However, the country will have a lower priority in other countries as compared to that of EU (Eleftheriadis et al., 2016). Year Imports from EU/Total imports Exports to EU/Total Exports 1975 45% 43% 1985 55% 53% 1995 51% 55% 2005 48% 52% 2015 45% 50% Figure: The imports from and the exports to EU (Source: Foundation, 2016) The quantitative model is considered in this case to show the estimate of how leaving EU will affect the multinationals in the UK regarding trade. The Multinationals in the UK would end up with little control over the financial rules if they leave EU. The single market in EU employs three tools in order to increase the trade in UK. It is mainly done by eliminating the tariff on the goods. It also reduces the cost of the probable exporters (Darvas, 2016). The EU generates minimum authoritarian standards and as a result, it requires all the member states to allow goods that meet the terms of the criteria. The multinational company in the UK brings in employers from other countries with the help of intra-company transfers to a superior degree than elsewhere in the EU. As a result, the firm makes use of the knowledge of the workers regarding the market of the domestic country. The contemporary business issues faced by UK Multinational companies after UK leaving EU Trading Block are as follows: Sterling One of the most vital contemporary business issues that will be faced by the UK Multinational corporations is the sink in the pound sterling 30 percent. As per the former chief European strategist at the investment bank UBS, the danger of leaving EU is much larger than one can imagine. According to him, a 12 percent fall in the pound against the dollar is one of the biggest dangers. This, in turn, will affect the multinational companies in the UK as the price of the fuel will accelerate on a larger basis. As a result, the foreign holidays will be more expensive (Crines et al., 2016). Figure: The estimate of the impact of Brexit on the British economy (%GDP) (Source: Woodford Funds, 2016) Trade The exports will, as a result, become comparatively cheaper due to the fall in the sterling. However, the exports will become cheaper for a relatively shorter period of time. The UK multinationals company would face the barriers to trade in the form of higher tariffs. It has also been reported, that the GDP in the UK will be more than 2 percent lower than in the counterfactual in the year 2030. It will be mainly due to the combined impact of the trade (Schoof et al., 2015). Year Exports Imports 2004 9.5 3 2005 9.9 4 2006 14 4.8 2007 16 4.9 2008 22 5.2 2009 18 4.2 2010 17 4.2 2011 20 4.5 2012 19.9 4.4 2013 19.8 4.4 Figure: The Trade of the UK with the EU (Source: Woodford Funds, 2016) Employment The service sector that mainly trades with the EU will be hugely affected. As a result, the business that profoundly depends on the migrants will switch to employing the UK nationals. The multinational company in the UK mostly employs the nationals from the EU. However, the decision of UK to leave EU will lead to uncertainty. This also affects the non-UK based employees negatively. The EU workers will also not be able to live in the UK in the long-run. The Multinationals which are mostly IT based will find it difficult to get the IT professionals as it becomes costly for them to recruit the IT professionals from EU. The government in the UK, as a result, has faced appeal to remain open to the EU talent from the multinationals who operate out of UK. Multinationals The multinationals will be significantly affected, and the US rivals will gain a competitive advantage. Rolls-Royce, for instance, is one of the key employers that have warned against leaving the EU. Three-quarters of the workers employed by Rolls-Royce are from EU, and the major customers of Rolls-Royce are the European Aircraft maker Airbus. The multinationals in the UK will face a period of uncertainty, and the uncertainty will be such that the multinationals will not be able to cope with. The business of the multinationals will be greatly harmed as the industries are mostly foreign owned. EU Funding The EU funding will be hugely affected as Britain is one of the principal beneficiaries of the EU funding. As per the reports, the EU research funding to the UK has topped 04 billion. The funding has helped most of the multinationals to set in motion. As a result, most of the EU startups also moved to the UK capital. However, these companies will now be under threat, by some approximation. An assurance was won by UK that it will not suffer any unfairness being outside the euro zone. The reason for the assurance was that Europe was the major financial center of UK, and the underlying reason was to protect the country. In turn, the UK promised not to block deeper euro zone incorporation (Ottaviano et al., 2014). The reduction in the fiscal contribution As per the reports, the average annual gross contribution to the EU from the average of the UK is around 9 billion. Hence, if UK leaves EU in that case UK will no longer be able to make any budgetary contribution. Year Net Contribution Public Sector Receipts UK Rebate 2008 2 8 14.8 2009 5 9 14.9 2010 9 11 15.4 2011 8 11 15.2 2012 10 14 16 2013 11 14.9 17 2014 9 14.8 19 2015 8 11 18 2016 12 15 19.5 2017 7 14 18 2018 8 14.9 18.9 2019 9 15 20 Figure: The contribution of UK to the budget of EU (Source: Hargreaves Lansdown, 2016) Critical literature review The economic consequences are complicated due to the decision made by the UK to leave EU. The reduced integration with the EU countries will be expected to cost the UK economy far more than is achieved from lower contribution to the EU budget. As a result, the GDP of the UK will fall which will be mainly due to the static losses due to the lower trade with the EU. The UK will also not be the part of the contentious TTIP trade deal between the US and the EU. The UK-born workers are especially harmed regarding jobs, wages as well as access to the public services due to the immigration of the individuals from (EU Novy, 2014). The reduction in the financial output as well as the movements that is associated with a possible exit of the UK from the EU will have a negative impact on both the demand as well as the investment. This will in turn lead to the reduction in the employment in the multinational companies in the UK. The employment level is estimated to fall between 1.7 percent and 2.9 percent (Ottaviano et al., 2014). Figure: The Impact of the EU exit (Source: Created by Author) As per the reports, the industry in the UK has benefited from the partnership of the research in Europe, and the researchers have performed well in the EU competition. However, outside EU, the UK would lose the benefits from scale and influence over policy in areas such as energy. As per most of the economists, Brexit will lead to awful ripple effects and as a result, UK will lose the favorable access to the markets in the Europe. The business investment will eventually desiccate and UK will in turn fall over into recession (Piris, 2016). If UK leaves EU, the multinationals will face the uncertainty as the investment activities will be lowered and this will, in turn, lead to the lowering of hiring. The multinationals would also lead to an instant slowdown of growth. One of the major reasons that will lead to the negative future of the UK Multinational companies after UK leaving EU Trading Block will be that the companies will no longer be able to get benefitted from lower tariffs. The growth prospect of the country will be hurt due to the restriction on the immigration. The country will become poorer due to Brexit (Busch Matthes, 2016). As opined by Minford et al., (2015), by removing the tariff as well as the non-tariff barriers which are erected by EU, the UK will gain benefit due to the significant fall in the price of the imports. As per the reports, the tariff-equivalent of EU of all protectionist measures is around 16 percent. If for instance, Jaguar cars are taken into consideration, in this case, it can be noticed that there are a certain price around the world as a brand of luxury car. Jaguar a car mainly competes with the luxury brands which includes BMW, Mercedes, Porsche as well as Audi. As a result, Jaguar has to price its product in such a manner such that it is compatible with the price of its competitors. The prices of the product are mainly drive by the upper middle class in such a way that the demand for the product equals its supply. However, if for instance, the UK leaves EU in that case, Thailand, for example, can impose a higher tariff on the Jaguar. As a result, the price of the Jaguars will increase dramatically in Thailand. Figure: The impact on the GDP of the UK due to Brexit (Source: Created by Author) As opined by Booth et al., (2015), the majority of the trades in UK are conducted by EU. The European Commission also represents the UK as it is the full member of the EU. As a result, the EU has a broad-ranging regulatory impact on the entire financial system of the UK. They further opined, If the EU and the US are successful in concluding an agreement, withdrawal from the EU would see the UK potentially excluded from the two biggest preferential trading arrangements in the world. There will also be a high probability of the cost of losing access to the single market. The single market in the Europe is more than a free trade agreement without tariff. The goods can, as a result, move freely as all the members adhere to common services (Pelkmans, 2016) As opined by Oliver Williams, (2016), if the UK leaves EU it will lead to inward investment which will be mainly due to the outcome. It will also lead to the fear that the makers of the car will downsize, or they might even end their production in the UK. As a result, the vehicles will no longer be exported tax-free to Europe. Most of the employees would lose their jobs due to the fall in trade and investment. This will, in turn, affect the multinational companies in the UK. If UK leaves EU, in that case, a decline in immigration will create more jobs for the local people. However, the shortages in the labor will hold back the economy and as a result, will reduce the potential for growth. Brexit will have a little impact on the UK growth in the medium term. As a result, there will be a chance that will lead to inflation. Brexit will probably have a negative shock to the economy which, will lead to the uncertainty about the future of the multinational companies in the UK (Baker et al., 2016). It has also been pointed out by the author that if UK leaves EU, in that case, UK, will be able to reinstate itself as a genuinely sovereign nation with association with the rest of the world. However, Brexit will lead the country to give up its influence in Europe by turning back the clock and moving back from the global power network of the 21st century (Dorling, 2016). As opined by Leahy Gottlieb, (2016), the multinationals in the UK will have the hardest hit as the pound sterling, and the share prices will fall significantly. In order to stalk the fall in sterling, the Bank of England will increase the rate of interest in the short term. The foreign direct investment in the UK increases the national productivity and also the output and wages. The multinational firms bring in better technological and decision-making knowledge. The international firm comparatively pays higher wages as compared to the domestic companies and as a result, FDI brings in more benefits. However, if the UK leaves the EU, it might lead to the fall in the FDI. The UK is an attractive export platform for the multinationals as it is a single market and they do not bear potentially large costs from tariff as well as non-tariff barriers. The multinationals in the UK also have a multifaceted supply chain and many organization costs between their headquarters and the local branches. However, if the UK leaves the EU, it will become tough to manage. The FDI will also be dampened due to the uncertainty over the shape of the future trade arrangements between the UK and the EU (Ebell Warren, 2016). As opined by Bloom et al., (2012), the multinationals in the UK boost the productivity through the improved technologies as well as the administration practices. The UK multinational companies which are operating in EU needs to comply with the product standards of EU as well as the competition rules of EU. The UK, as a result, needs to continue to operate under the competition rule of EU. As a result, Brexit will provide both cost and benefit to UK and EU. As per the employers of the multinationals, the immigrants from the EU are likely to be much better as compared to that of the UK citizen. They are much more talented and as a result, it will affect the future production of the multinational companies. As opined by Dhingra et al., (2016), the most successful part of the UK manufacturing is cars. However, as per the recent trend, most of the investments that are performed by the car manufacturers are on the new automobiles which will be mainly for sale in the EU market. The automotive industry contributed to more than 5.1 percent of the UK exports in the year 2014. In the case of the automobile industries, Brexit will prove to be disadvantageous. The car production in the UK will become less attractive due to the increase in the trade cost. As a result, it will be made more expensive to ship to the rest of Europe. The coordination cost between the headquarters and the local production plants will also get increased. As opined by Springford, (2014), the immigrants from the EU acted as a boon and not as a burden for the multinational companies in the UK. The immigrants are mainly young and energetic and as a result, they pay more in taxes as compared to the benefits that they take out. The EU immigrants are less likely to take up the benefits as compared to that of the local population in the UK. However, if the UK leaves the EU in that case the government in the UK will have the major probability to restrain the immigration from rest of the Europe. However, immigration, on the other hand, has affected the existing population of the UK in terms of employment. The average UK workers will be worse off due to the fact that the increased immigration had affected the local population. Though, the output and the production of the country and the companies are increased due to a large number of EU individuals migrating to the UK but, the overall population rate is getting affected. This, in turn, will also affect the multinational companies in the UK (Forde Slater, 2016). In recent decades, the demand for both the high and the low-skilled workers has increased in the UK. As a result, the demand for the immigrants has also increased from EU and the supply of the immigrants has also increased (Czaika De Haas, 2013). Identification of best practices Best practices are mainly defined as the methods which are mostly suitable under the circumstances that are considered satisfactory as well as regulated in business. As per the eurosceptics in the UK, it is claimed that the membership of the UK has been destabilized by the fall in the proportion of the trade in UK which, is accounted for by the EU. As per the reports, Britain will hardly have any problem while negotiating a free trade agreement with the EU due to the fact that UK has a large trade deficit with the rest of the Union (Vasilopoulou, 2016) The best practices that are identified after the UK left EU is that the UK will also get liberated from loads of the regulation of EU. As a result, the multinational companies will be able to boost the trade with faster-developing parts of the world. This can be done by getting rid of the tariff as well as signing trade agreements without the restraints of the membership of the EU. The EU has become a less imperative market for the UK as the euro zone has not been able to engineer a continued economy recovery (Crafts, 2016). The UK multinational company needs to utilize the natural workers turnover in order to decrease the number of highly skilled immigrant workers they hire. As a result, the companies in the UK need to scrutinize their strategy of talent in order to ensure that they sustain top talent in the companies (Kierzenkowski et al., 2016). The best practice should also include the fact that the companies should invest more on the education of the domestic employees in order to replace them with the employees of the EU. This will by far be the best practice that the UK decided to exit EU. The reason is that the British will now get their money back. Most of the taxes that are paid by the UK go the European Union. However, the money does not come back to the UK in the form of subsidiaries to the companies in the UK. Regarding the biggest contributor, UK is the second largest contributor to the EU budget after Germany (Simionescu, 2016). The EU members also allow most of the citizen from EU to enter the UK and work for their multinational companies. As per the reports, more than 257,000 EU national entered UK to work in the year 2015. The multinational companies in the UK also had to undergo the laws that were implemented at the EU level (Featherstone, 2016). The UK will no longer be the part of the VAT treaty of the EU. As a result, the best practice will include the fact that the UK will have the liberty to select its low rate of VAT to stimulate the economy. The trade will also become flexible after the exit takes place. The UK will be benefited if it joins the 26 obtainable agreements along with Switzerland in order to negotiate the free trade agreement (Edward, 2013). The aim to leave EU acted as a positive and a constructive vision of sovereignty as well as openness to the world. The positive spirit will help to drive the country for the next steps. The country has got a chance to get rid of the political superstructure of the EU. The multinational companies in the UK that employ the EU employees will need to consider the inherent authority of the British Exit that is Brexit on their future hiring and the overall best practices (Todd, 2016). The labor force management solution will help the companies to fulfill with the employment legislation that includes the right-to-work law. The competitive multinational corporations will be able to retain their best talent if they make use of the tools such as the availability management, flexible benefits and shift trading (Baker Schnapper, 2015). Figure: Economic Interaction in the GCE Model (Source: Created by Author) The GCE model facilitates to account explicitly for the impact of trade relationship. It mainly focuses on the trade relationship as it is obvious that the trade relationship will change once UK leaves the EU. The GCE model takes into account the various macroeconomic variables that include GDP, employment, exports as well as imports and investment, in order to venture the impact of the exit of UK from EU. In the GCE model, the government performs two roles. The two roles that are played by the government involve the collecting of the taxes and the spending of money (Tao et al., 2014). The UK also needs to sign more trade deals with the non-EU countries. The UK also requires submitting of the new schedule after the conclusion of an exit agreement with the EU. This needs to be carried out by the UK in order to remain a WTO member. The new schedule needs to be carried by each of the members of the WTO. As opined by Busch Matthes, (2016) Trade is a very important part of the transmission mechanism through which much of the benefit of the Single Market filters through. The US and the UK can negotiate a free trade area based on the principles of national dominion and the monetary freedom. However, both the nation was unable to do so as the European Union acted as the barrier. The UK companies can also trade with the EU on the tariff free and quota free base. Under the common commercial policy of the EU, the UK needs to confer a single deal with 27 enduring states of the EU. The ability of UK to trade with the US will not be affected on the current terms (James Cardwell, 2016). The best practice is to remove the EU as it is acting as a barrier between the UK and the US in terms of free trade between the multinational companies. In order to regain the authority, the UK must leave the EU. As a result, the country will gain a broader control over the trade, and also the future of the multinational companies will flourish. The generation of the EU is known to create a much wider damage to the UK. The reason is that the UK has a much broader trading relation outside Europe that is with non-EU countries (Bevir et al., 2015). Although the EU is the largest market in the world, however, it is also the only declining trade bloc in the world. The importance of the EU has reduced due to the collapsing share of worldwide GDP and the lethargic rate of growth. The UK can freely pursue an international trade with both China and US in the absence of the EU (Bekaert et al., 2013). Figure: The decrease in the total imports and exports (Source: Trade Statistics, 2016) As per the above graph, it can be seen that the sales of the UK goods to the EU decreased by 8 percent to a six-year low of just 134 billion in the year 2015. The graph shows that the total export of trade in the month of May for the present year was 23.4 billion. This was a decline of 4.3 percent as compared to that of the last month. The total import of trade in the month of May for the present year was 36.1 billion. This was a decline of 11.1 percent as compared to the last month. Conclusion It can be thus being concluded that UK will have the probability of striking new trade deals based on the domestic precedence. However, the country will have a lower priority in other countries as compared to that of EU. The UK will no longer be the part of the VAT treaty of the EU. As a result, the best practice will include the fact that the UK will have the liberty to select its low rate of VAT in order to stimulate the economy. The car industry contributed to more than 5.1 percent of the UK exports in the year 2014. In the case of the automobile industries, Brexit will prove to be disadvantageous. As a result, the vehicles will no longer be exported tax-free to Europe. Most of the employers would lose their jobs due to the fall in trade and investment. The multinationals would also lead to an instant slowdown of growth. 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