Reporting for the Media News Writing Assignment Essay

Reporting for the Media News Writing Assignment - Essay Example The stories can also be divided into hard news, soft news, feature, and editorial. Media news process basically consists of planning, researching, and writing (Media Awareness Network, 2010). In the process of completing the news story, the company selected is Coca Cola. The four primary sources that will help in completing the story regarding budget scenario at Coca Cola are going to be finance committee members, president of the particular business segment related to budget section, chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Also there going to be six secondary sources for taking the interview. They are going to be officers in general management, supply chain management, food service management, and strategy and business development, brand marketing, strategic growth officer as well as global marketing manager (The Coca Cola Company, 2009). The above mentioned sources form the core part of budget related decision making. Therefore, their point of view is crucial in preparing the news story. Finance committee is generally responsible for preparing a budget of company. The committee helps the board members and higher authority of the company to discover the facts and figures associated with a budget plan. Also, they make the board and decision making authority like chief financial officer aware of previous year’s budget and also the areas that are going to need looking after in preparing the budget. The committee prepares a review of the capital expenditures, budget operations, and financial operations. They also recommend about the dividend policy (The Coca Cola Company, 2009). The budget related information then is streamlined to decision making authority like chief financial officers, chief executive officers and the president. They all are part of the decision making authority regarding budget allocation like which department should get main importance in preparation of budget. Therefore for preparing the news story

Moving Away from Traditional Transaction-Based Financial Information Essay

Moving Away from Traditional Transaction-Based Financial Information to Technologically Based Non-Financial Information - Essay Example Many businesses have in the recent times shifted their focus from using the traditional transaction-based financial information towards using technologically based non-financial information (Agresti, 2002). This has been largely due to the fact that the traditional approaches usually limit themselves through the definition of their cost behaviors in the terms of their production along with sales level (Burns and Baldvinsdottir, 2007). The traditional methods were mostly utilized for the purposes of giving reports when the valuations of the items in their income statements and balance sheets (Zhou, 2012). The method also had so many restrictions as the statements prepared were supposed to comply with the GAAP principles. As a result of being outdated in their practices the governing body of the management discipline brought more technological advances that would have helped in resolving the issue (Cooper, 2009). Additionally, in the recent past there has been a great shift by the mana gements of businesses across the globe towards the use of technologically based non-financial pieces of information (Burns and Baldvinsdottir, 2007). ... These two types of change within the management field are evident simultaneously across many businesses along with organizations (Burns and Baldvinsdottir, 2007). Reports indicate that such an occurrence might occur because both of these changes may be subjected to the same types of normative pressures though they are basically mutually independent (Agresti, 2002). The management accounting profession has in the modern world changed their views on various aspects that affect their operations. For instance, less emphasis has recently been placed on the acquisition of technical knowledge along with the traditional skills of doing business (Burns and Baldvinsdottir, 2007). The new work of the management accountant thus relies on his ability of interpreting non-financial information for the benefit of a business entity or organization (O’Sullivan, 2010). This has made the management accountants new work to be described as involving the offering of consultancy services to the inter nal operations of a business. Change within the management profession has also been driven by the fact that the accountants are currently being involved in the support of decisions and offering of professional advice to the organization (Agresti, 2002). The advice provided is on the strategic along with operational issues of an organization and the application of special technical skills for the benefit of the organization (Cooper, 2009). The issue of leadership is directly related to the management profession and this implies that the methods applied by the professionals in the field have to change. The change should therefore be aimed at providing an increase in the collaborations beyond the financing option and working in teams that have multiple purposes in a

Management Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Management Perspectives Essay A questionnaire was sent to a member of top management of seventy-six firms that have adopted EVA? type performance measures, forty of these firms having included the measure in their incentive compensation. Based on the respondents’ answers, EVA? erformance measures appear to help align the interests of management with those of the firm’s shareholders with the emphasis shifting from bottom-line earnings to earning more than the cost of employed capital. The responses are compared with prior empirical work. In most cases, the observed results of management actions is consistent with the responses from this survey. This paper resulted from work done for my dissertation from the University of Washington. I wish to thank my committee members Gary Biddle, Robert Bowen, Eric Noreen, Terry Shevlin, and Naomi Soderstrom.

Conventions in the UK constituion

Conventions in the UK constituion Introduction Conventions are distinctive to the UK Constitution as they include the practices, customs and behaviour of how the government and state institutions operate. They are considered non-legal rules which are unenforceable. However, there is uncertainty surrounding their definition and position in relation to laws and whether their obligatory nature makes them more than mere habits. Although the UK is a functional democracy, it is one without a written Constitution. Therefore, my aim throughout this essay is firstly to discuss the role of conventions, and how they used to regulate government bodies, for which I will provide a comprehensive account as to their existence and the way in which they are exercised. Secondly, it would be necessary to explore the adverse effect there usage may have on democracy, since there is no formalised procedure which sets out the governments intention on how it should operate, one could argue that its practice could be potentially harmful to society. Thirdl y, it would be essential to establish whether conventions should be codified into a written single document which would provide consistency and certainty into how the government makes its decisions. In order to develop an understanding of the role of conventions it would be sensible to firstly explore their precise definition. Dicey explains they consist of customs, practices, maxims, or precepts which are not enforced or recognised by courts[1]. However, it could be argued that this definition is misleading as Barber mentions courts can recognise anything they wish to recognise[2]. Moreover, as conventions are deemed non-legal rules, does not necessarily mean they are not recognised by the courts which, presents some inconsistency into Diceys theory. The case regarding the patriation of the Canadian constitution in the early 1980s illustrates the fact that courts will sometimes apply conventions even though they are not legally required to do so. It was established in Reference re Amendment of the Constitution of Canada [1982] 105 DLR [3d] 1[3] that under Canadian law any amendments to the Constitution of Canada, an Act was required from the UK Parliament[4]. However, it was by convention that the Canadian Supreme Court should give prior notice to the provinces of any amendments in order to obtain their consent. However, as this convention was recognised it was subsequently ignored and it was claimed that the Canada Act 1982[5] was invalid as the Canadian provinces did not give prior consent. Although, there was no rule of law which required provincial consent to constitutional amendments, the question here was did a convention actually exist? In Jennings three stage theory he suggested that first, what are the precedents; secondly, did the actors in the precedents believe that they were bound by a rule; and thirdly, is there a reason for the rule?[6] In order to analyse this into more detail it would be necessary to put this theory into practice by illustrating the reasons for the courts decision. It was found that five precedents where constitutional amendments had changed provincial legislative powers had directly affected federal-provincial relationsh ips[7]. The majority stated that the accumulation of these precedents, positive and negative, concurrent and without exception does not of itself suffice in establishing the existence of the convention[8], which could suggest that although conventions carry no legal weight the relevant actors were not obliged to be bound by them. In which case Jaconelli argues by focusing on the beliefs held by the relevant actors, appears to suggest an extremely flimsily basis for the existence of constitutional conventions[9]. Moreover, as the Canadian government was forced to delay plans in order to seek consent from the provinces, the agreement from the majority allowed the formation of Canadas 1983 constitution to occur. However, as Jennings three stage tests was applied in this case, the fact that the actors did not consider them binding, does not necessarily excuse the significance of conventions which in this instance supported the courts in their judicial interpretation of a convention from a mere habit. Summary Another case where the courts were unwilling to apply conventions was in Attorney-General v Jonathan Cape Ltd [1976] QB 752[10]. It was held that the publication of the Crossman diaries which included Cabinet proceedings was not in the public interest. The Attorney-General sought to prevent publication on the grounds of a breach of convention. Lord Widgery C.J in his judgement stated that there is no obligation enforceable at law to prevent the publication of cabinet papers and proceedings, except in extreme cases where national security is involved[11]. However, the Attorney-General argued that as part of the convention of collective responsibility the affairs of the Cabinet were confidential and should not be disclosed contrary to public interest. However, the defence for the publishers argued that collective responsibility is a doctrine which has grown up and has never been dignified as a convention[12], which could suggest that as conventions are considered old established practi ces which are not formalised into a set of rules, there is still uncertainty into their use. However, while a convention is deemed non-legal does not necessarily mean they do not have any legal effect, which would correspond with Jenkins statement that a convention can have legal effect despite not being a legal rule[13], which indicates that the political implications of conventions are therefore of undeniable significance. The main purpose of conventions is to prevent the constitution from becoming old-fashioned by bringing consistency and flexibility, which can be modified to suit a continuously evolving constitution. According to Jennings, conventions provide the flesh which clothes the dry bones of the law[14]. Although this may be an over enthusiastic description, it illustrates the wide recognition and appreciation of the purposes served by conventions. Lord Wintons modern view of a convention is to be the main political principles which regulate relations between the different parts of our constitution and the exercise of power but which do not have legal force[15]. However, there are conventions which hold a greater significance than statutory and common-law rules. One of the strongest conventions is that the Monarch gives Royal Assent to Bills duly passed on the advice of her ministers. Since 1708 the refusal to assent to the Scottish Militia Bill 1708[16] by Queen Anne was the last time this v eto was used. However, for the Monarch to refuse her assent to a Bill of which she disapproved, no court would deem the Bill to be an authentic Act of Parliament[17], which would potentially be harmful to society, as this would have prevented an important piece of legislation from being enacted. However, as (Munro 1999) mentions there have been no instances in modern times of legislation being presented for assent against the wishes of the government[18], however there has been on occasion that an assent to bills has either been withheld or delayed. For example on the advice of Unionist the King was undecided as to whether to grant Royal Assent to the Home Rule Act 1914[19] which would allow for the devolution of Ireland to become independent. Although, this Bill was rejected in the House of Lords, the Parliament Act 1911[20] was used to override their decision and it was on the advice of the Prime Minister that the King gave Royal Assent. However, due to the First World War, this A ct never came into being and it was not until the Government of Ireland Act 1920[21] that enabled the patriation of Ireland, which established an Irish Free State. Moreover, the expansion of the convention requiring royal assent helps show that conventions can occasionally carry legal as well as political weight. There has been on occasion where the courts have been unable to accept conventions as a means of redress. The issue arising in Manuel v Attorney General [1983] Ch.77[22] involved the possible crystallisation of a convention into law. It was suggested that the convention of the UK Parliament should not legislate for Canada except with its permission, might have evolved into a law through long term recognition. Slade LJ stated that this case raises issues which are no doubt of great political importance to all peoples of Canada[23]. However, it was concluded that conventions do not possess the power to evolve from political practices to actual laws. This does not necessarily mean that conventions serve no legal purpose and indeed there are some rare occasions where the legal power of conventions is as great as the legal power of laws. However, the breach of a conventional rule can result in a change in law which demonstrates that conventions do exert a certain degree of power in legal fields as well as in areas of a purely political nature. The convention that the House of Lords should not obstruct the policy of an elected government when a majority in the House of Commons exists was thought to have been breached in 1909[24], with a refusal from the House of Lords to accept budget proposals formulated by the Liberal government. The House of Lords was subsequently denied the power to prevent enactment of a measure accepted as a money bill, which was a result of the Parliament Act 1911[25]. However, had this Act not been passed would have resulted in a variety of a political problems which could in fact produce an unstable government which the general public relies on, which fits nicely with Lord Wilsons argument that for the breach of a convention is liable to bring political trouble in one form or another[26]. The refore the fact that Parliament was able to step in and prevent any further episodes of a breach reoccurring not only exemplifies their existence but the behaviour in which conventions are exercised demonstrates the need for them to be followed and obeyed. Although it is rare for courts to apply conventions, they often use conventions as a tool for interpretation. As Jenkins mentions courts were perfectly capable of recognising and applying conventions to provide aid for and background to constitutional or statutory construction[27]. In a privy council appeal case regarding the accession of Canada to independence, the convention of equity status referred in the preamble of the Statute of Westminster Act 1931[28], which was the main grounds for interpreting an otherwise ambiguous section of the Canadian constitution in such a way as to empower Federal Parliament to reject appeals to the privy council from all Canadian courts in civil cases. Similarly when courts have objected to review the grounds on which executive discretionary powers have been exercised, they have relied upon the convention that a minister is responsible to Parliament for the exercise of power. Although it is not necessary for courts to enforce conventions, it is cle ar that these non-legal rules impose a significant weight of obligation. Moreover, as Dr H. V. Evatt argues the practice of enacting conventions gives authoritative decisions about their meaning and application[29], which would suggest that people would be more inclined to obey legal rules rather than non-legal rules. Furthermore, what distinguishes these non legal rules from mere habits is Lord Wilsons statement that conventions which are broken, legal problems would eventually arise. On occasion conventions have been formalised into a written document to provide consistency and certainty. Individual responsibility stipulates that a minister is accountable to Parliament for their own acts and the acts of civil servants in their department, which suggests that ministers are accountable for the misconduct of their subordinates even though he/she had no knowledge of the activity. This would support (Marshall and Moodie 1967) argument that ministers are responsible morally for culpable actions in the same way as everybody else[30]. However, as there is no definitive meaning between the terms accountability and responsibility. This poses some inconsistency into the use of conventions. Therefore, it has been recognised that the principles of ministerial responsibility should be incorporated into the Ministerial Code 2007[31] in order to provide precision and consistency in it us. Conclusion While there may be some uncertainty as to the definition of conventions, collective ministerial responsibility requires that all ministers are united in supporting any policy proposals or legislative measures in the House of Commons. (Marshall and Moodie 1967) defines this as certain rules of constitutional behaviour which are considered binding and upon those who operate the constitution[32]. However, where the government is unable to gain the support of Parliament a formal vote of no confidence is necessary to require the resignation of a UK Parliament. Although Marshall and Moodies statement is wholly acceptable, it illustrates the importance and binding influence of conventions which are highly regarded by the political bodies. However, a convention which exists is that ministers must not knowingly mislead Parliament in serious cases they are required to offer their resignation. In a newspaper article Clare Short ex-International Department Secretary claimed that Tony Blair had m isled Parliament surrounding the legality of the 2003 invasion on Iraq[33]. According to (Tomkins 2003) lying to Parliament is not a legal wrong, but it is a constitutional wrong[34]. Although her resignation was required, there is no statutory rule which exists to regulate the behaviour of a Prime Minister when a general election is known. However, it is a convention that the Prime Minister should resign when he has lost the election, which immediately presents some inconsistency into how the government makes its decision. Although the office of the Prime Minister is created by convention it could be argued that the scope of conventions is uncertain as it is the Queen who can appoint or dismiss ministers at her own pleasure. On conclusion while the definition of conventions has been unclear, conventions have been able to function alongside statute law and legislation to provide a stable government, which demonstrates their consistency and flexibility. Moreover, as there is an obligation to be bound by them there is evidence to suggest their existence, which as illustrated has affected judicial reasoning, by enacting law as well as providing written rules. However, a convention which was applied many years ago may not be applicable today and the idea of unwritten rules would provide instability in the one body that people depend on. Moreover the idea of democracy is one where the public have a say in deciding who goes into government but also how they should be governed. Therefore a convention that is unable to evolve would not provide a clear understanding as to the government intentions. While it may be beneficial to have conventions codified to provide clarity and consistency, it would need to be clear which conventions should be written as to avoid conflict with statutory and common-law rules. However, despite the many criticisms of the use of conventions in the UK Constitution a constitution without conventions would ultimately fail as they are sufficiently flexible rather than laws which are difficult to alter. Therefore, it would be important to codify a convention which has been readily in use, rather than codifying them all into one single document.

Satire, Surrealism and Dark Humor in Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Vonnegut Cats Cradle

Satire, Surrealism and Dark Humor in Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle "And there on the shaft in letters six inches high, so help me God, was the word: Mother" (48) "'If that's mother,' said the driver, 'what in hell could they have raised over father?'" As the reader soon finds out, 40 cm of marble, as directed by Felix Hoenikker's will, that says "FATHER" (49). Vonnegut stops you short and plucks at your hand like a little boy who has just shaved the cat and can't wait to show you what he's done: you can't, as a responsible adult, laugh at the absurdity of the bald and shivering feline because you know that you should be astonished, offended, annoyed, anything but burst out laughing, which you desperately desire to do. Vonnegut acts as Wrang-Wrang in this scene; two men in an ice storm, marveling at a towering alabaster penis given in memoriam to a mother by her children. Vonnegut's use of the surreal (and, by the way, this is also an episode of, if not dark, then very twisted humor) in the scene discourages the reader's scrutiny so that Vonnegut can slip his point across without notice. What point? Possibly, and this could be just me thinking aloud, the scene describes the strength of the mother and the dual roles she had to play; the father was also a child, as simple and pure in his intellectual ecstasy as, well, a marble cube. "The marker was an alabaster phallus twenty feet high and three feet thick" (48), Vonnegut crows, inviting you to stand in the cold with him and wonder with the driver exactly what in hell is going on†¦ Satire is thrown into CC early and often, so much that it seems almost unfairly easy to extract examples, but it is such an integral component of the novel that it requires at least a look-see. One of my favorite parts of the book is the scene on the airplane where Jonah meets not one but two stereotypical "Ugly Americans," a term coined by William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick in the title of their 1958 novel of the same name. The Mintons are well educated, speaking "six or seven" (65) languages between the two of them but see the people and places they have seen during their diplomatic careers as "About the same" (65). They are what Bokonon calls a duprass that will, as Jonah points out, die at very nearly the same time when the world is overcome by ice-nine.

stage :: essays research papers

Introduction J’ai rà ©alisà © mon stage commercial chez Pernod Ricard Venezuela. J’ai choisi cette entreprise afin de dà ©couvrir avec le fonctionnement d’un service commercial, et d’avoir une premià ¨re expà ©rience professionnelle dans mon pays d’origine. Au sein de PRV on m’a confià © une mission d’investigation afin d’optimiser les nà ©gociations du dà ©partement commercial. J’ai dà » analyser l’impact de publications et des exhibitions nà ©gocià ©es par l’à ©quipe de vente. De plus j’ai dà » rà ©aliser une proposition merchandising pour une chaà ®ne de supermarchà © qui est en train de restructurer sa dà ©marche auprà ¨s des clients. Ainsi dans ce rapport, je vous prà ©senterai en premià ¨re partie l’entreprise, son historique, ses employà ©s, le service commercial et son marchà ©. En deuxià ¨me partie je dà ©finirai en dà ©tail les actività ©s menà ©es pour rà ©aliser la mission qui me fut confià ©e et pour atteindre mes objectifs personnels. I L’entreprise et son marchà © I.1 Prà ©sentation de l’entreprise Raison Sociale: PERNOD RICARD VENEZUELA Forme Juridique : Compagnie Anonyme Capital Social : 17 000 000 â‚ ¬ Nom du Directeur : M. Elvis IPPOLITTI Adresse : Avenida Rio de Janeiro Edif. Centro Rio de Janeiro, PH Las Mercedes, Municipio Baruta Caracas 1060 - VENEZUELA Tà ©là ©phone : (58-212) 200 72 00 Fax : (58-212) 200 72 99 Date de crà ©ation : 2002 Secteur d’actività © : vente et distribution de vins et spiritueux Chiffre d’affaires : 45 075 000 â‚ ¬. Effectif : 110 personnes I.2.A Historique Fortement implantà ©e sur tous les continents, Pernod Ricard est l'un des trois premiers opà ©rateurs de spiritueux et vins dans le monde. Depuis sa crà ©ation en 1975, une forte croissance interne et des acquisitions ambitieuses ont permis au Groupe de dà ©velopper l'un des portefeuilles de produits les mieux dotà ©s du secteur. Le Groupe dispose de rà ©seaux de distribution puissants sur tous les continents et aujourd'hui, plus des quatre cinquià ¨mes du chiffre d'affaires sont rà ©alisà ©s hors France : 40 % en Europe, 22 % dans les Amà ©riques et 22 % dans le reste du monde. Dans la catà ©gorie des spiritueux internationaux, Pernod Ricard est numà ©ro 1 en Europe Continentale et en Irlande, numà ©ro 1 en Amà ©rique Centrale et du Sud et numà ©ro 2 en Asie-Pacifique. Il se situe au sixià ¨me rang en Amà ©rique du Nord. Le Groupe est par ailleurs numà ©ro deux du secteur "Travel Retail" Quelques Dates Importantes 1975 France : Crà ©ation de Pernod Ricard par la fusion des deux socià ©tà ©s d ´anisà ©s Pernod et Ricard. Le group inclus aussi JFA PamprylÉcosse : Acquisition de Campbell Distillers (Scotch whiskies) 1982 Monde : Acquisition de SIAS MPA, producteur numà ©ro un au niveau de concentrà ©s de fruits. Pour la premià ¨re fois, les actività ©s du groupe sont gà ©rà ©es depuis la France.

Mass Media :: essays research papers

Issue # 14 1. Media Monopolies: Are the Dangers of Concentration Overstated? Yes, by Eli M. Noam and Robert N. Freeman No, by Ben H. Bagdikian 2. The main focus behind the two articles are the concentration of media. Through the Telecommunications Act of 1996 attempts were made to limit the amount of monopolies in media. However this opened the door for other large businesses to merge and gain even more control, therefor creating more concentration in the media. Are the â€Å"media monopolies† doing their job in surveying national and local issues and are they acting in the public interest? The article also analyzes the vastly growing corporate elite who control media, and their ability to censor public awareness. 2. Eli Noam and Robert N. Freeman believe that there is more competition in U.S. media and it is only moderately concentrated. They justify their claim through U.S. Department of Justice procedure for identifying concentrated markets. They show several graphs indicating the shares of companies and the moderate increase that has occurred in recent years. Noam and Freeman show graphs that show both an increase in the total concentration of the media industry as well as graphs that depict a slight decline. They also support their claim by describing the drops that occurred in telecommunications services, computers TV programming and in music. They discuss how the market shift moved away from mainframes to microcomputers, where there is very little domination of the market by one company. Bagdikian lacks evidence of his claim, and supports it with his own opinions. He explains the reality of the situation in media concentration and control. He tells about the dominance of Microsoft and G eneral electric, who own NBC and radio and cable networks across the globe. He shows how Rupert Murdoch used media control to control politics which then made him immune to the restrictions applied to media, and allowed him to form FOX network. Bendikian emphasizes that companies who have control over politics can do whatever they want. 3. Both sides of the issue support their side through examples in the media market. Noam and Freeman show the various firms and corporations, who compete and take over the other companies, slowly increasing their control of the market. Bendikian analyzes the major corporations who have influence over the media, such as GE and FOX who are growing and killing off the other competitors. He also shows the raising role that cyber media and computers are playing in the market and the how companies are finding ways around the restrictions by merging.

Basic Considerations

Hall's evaluation criteria is being applied to gather knowledge of the theoretical adequacy regarding Beck's Theory of Postpartum Depression. The research article â€Å"From Practice to Midrange Theory and Back Again† chronicles this substantive midrange nursing theory of Cheryl Attain Beck (Lassie & Ferguson, 2005). As referenced by the authors, the major concepts of Beck's theory are clearly Identified as loss of control, encountering terror, dying of self, struggling to survive, and regaining control (Lassie & Ferguson, 2005).Beck first determined the core concept or basic psychological Issue of postpartum mood disorder as loss of control (Beck, 1993). Women suffering from this disorder lack control over their emotions, thought processes, and actions which Beck referred to as walking a fine line between sanity and Insanity (Beck, 1993). The remaining four concepts or stages emerged from the data analysis, of Beck's grounded theory study, as the participants attempted to cop e with the Issue concerning the core concept – loss of control (Beck, 1993).In regards o the concept of dying of self, Beck illustrated a partial audit trail for the construct of this concept from the data (Lassie & Ferguson, 2005). Furthermore, Beck precisely explained the major concepts and supported them with direct quotes from the participants of the study (Lassie & Ferguson, 2005). These major concepts are moderately abstract since the phenomena of postpartum depression is measured indirectly rather than through observed evidence. For each major concept, three levels of coding were identified (Beck, 1993).The linear design of the diagram is structured so that the concepts serve as headings which explicate the progression and relationship toward the psychological process used to resolve the fundamental issue of postpartum depression (Beck, 1993). Internal analysis and evaluation.

Christmas Paper Essay

1) What was the main concern of Republican Reconstruction Congressmen in terms of politics? The main goal of Republicans at this time was to give black men the right to vote. However, they did not grant suffrage to black men out of sympathy; rather, they did so in order to gain political clout in the South. 2) What was unique about the 14th Amendment and what does this say about the â€Å"new birth of freedom† coming out of the civil war? The 14th Amendment was unique, because for the first time, the Constitution explicitly contained the world â€Å"male† instead of speaking of â€Å"the people† or â€Å"citizens.† Saying that there was a new birth of freedom after the Civil War is a misleading statement. It is true that suffrage was given to the black man, thereby, giving African-American men more freedom. However, at the same time, women were further subjected to political tyranny, because they were now denied the right to vote by the existing state law as well as the new federal law (14th Amendment). 3) What was the somewhat dismissive reasoning provided by the abolitionists when denying women an inclusion in the 15th Amendment? The 15th Amendment stipulated that suffrage could not be denied on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Feminists wished to include that suffrage could not be denied on the basis of sex as well. However, Republicans would not change their plan to give the vote only to the black man. The abolitionists, who for a long time championed their platform as well as the women’s suffrage movement’s, refused to side with the feminists. They justified their rejection of the women’s suffrage movement by stating that African American male suffrage was more important than the right to vote for women. 4) Explain Fredrick Douglass’s â€Å"When women†¦ because they are women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speech. Fredrick Douglass, a prominent abolitionist, in his speech, explicitly states that the women’s suffrage movement was nowhere near as important as giving the black man the right to vote. He does this by providing vivid examples of the horrid treatment of blacks (i.e. they were dragged from their homes and hung from lamp posts, they had their children torn from their arms, etc.) and states that when women are treated in this manner, then they will have an urgency to gain suffrage. 5) Explain how the split in the suffrage movement transpired and the response and organization of each faction. After betrayal by the abolitionists, all feminists were angry. However, some like Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe continued to be connected with the abolitionist movement. This caused anger in people like Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who believed that women that put their sex first, should lead the feminist movement. Anthony and Stanton eventually formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and Stone and other feminists formed the American Woman Suffrage Association. The AWSA believed that they should only focus on one issue; in other words, they should focus on woman’s suffrage, rather than concentrating on a variety of feminist issues. On the other hand, the NWSA, adopted a broad, liberal platform that linked women’s suffrage to a number of other women’s issues. This difference lasted for over twenty years. 6) What was the significance of the Revolution? The Revolution was a feminist newspaper financed by George Train and written by Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. This sixteen-page weekly paper touched on every aspect of a woman’s life; work, maternity, marriage, etc. The Revolution covered news for, and by, women and was also a forum for feminist theory and practice. For example, Stanton used the pages of the Revolution to explain why she opposed the present marriage system. Overall, this paper was used to promote feminist ideas in the United States of America. 7) How, according to the author, did Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fail to consider the relationship between class and suffrage? The author states that Stanton and Anthony were at their weakest when discussing class and suffrage because they were never able to understand that class, rather than sex, determined the priorities of working women. While Stanton and Anthony believed in the vote over unions, working women supported economic justice over political justice. 8) In any ways did Stanton and Anthony reveal themselves to be hypocrites? If so, explain. I think that they were hypocrites in a way. For example, in the Revolution, Anthony and Stanton supported the unionizing efforts of women printers. At the same time, they hired a nonunion supporting printing shop for their newspaper. By hiring this nonunion printing shop, they betrayed working woman, just as much as the abolitionists did when they supported the 14th and 15th Amendments. 9) Who was Victoria Woodhull? Why is she important? Why were her views considered radical? Provided examples from the reading. Victoria Woodhull was born into an unstable and poor drifting family. At 15, she married a middle-aged physician who was an alcoholic. Eventually, Victoria returned to her family and continued her work as a spiritualist. Then, without divorcing her first husband, she married Colonel Harvey Blood. They both were huge believers in the principal of â€Å"free love†, a radical belief at the time whereby a person had the right to sexual relations outside of marriage. With this message in hand, Victoria and Blood moved to New York City. It was here that Woodhull began her rise to prominence; in particular, after she gained the respect of Commorade Vanderbilt, who provided her with the very best stock tips. These tips allowed Victoria and to gain a considerable fortune. In 1872, she appeared in the House of Representatives, where she talked about woman’s suffrage. The NWSA was floored by her speech, and invited her to join their group. Unfortunately her radical views in â€Å"free love† eventually led to her demise because the public was astonished at the fact that she lived with both her first and second husbands. From then on, she was attacked and denounced by the public. 10) According to Woodhill and Claflin what is the â€Å"unspoken fear† of many nineteenth century women and what do they propose as a remedy? Woodhill and Claflin say that the â€Å"unspoken† fear of numerous women in the 19th century was prostitution, because many men at the time contracted venereal diseases from prostitutes to wives. In solution for this problem, Woodhill and Claflin proposed that prostitutes should receive weekly medical examinations. 11) What was one point of contention between the American Wing and the Nationalist Wing of the feminists’ movement? One point of contention between the American Wing and the Nationalist Wing was whether or not to accept Woodhall in the feminist movement. The Nationalist Wing was extremely supportive of Woodhall’s policies. After her speech in the House of Representatives, they invited her to speak to their convention the following day. In addition, the Nationalist Wing believed in Woodhull’s ideas; for example, they called for reforms on every aspect of government after her speech and even supported her idea of secession. On the other hand, the American Wing denounced the Nationalist-Woodhall alliance by saying that the woman’s suffrage movement would be further inhibited if it were linked with free love. 12) What was Woodhull’s definition of â€Å"free love†? What price did she pay for expressing these views in the Steinway Hall proclamation? Woodhall defined â€Å"free love† as the right of any person to enjoy sexual relations outside of marriage. During a speech in Steinway Hall, she publically expressed her belief in free love and because of this she was denounced by the media and many of her old supporters vanished. 13) What was the view of Susan B. Anthony on the formed relationships between men and women? How did this view differ from Woodhull? Susan B. Anthony was a firm believer in not challenging the private relations between men and women. Single all her life, she proclaimed that women did not need men, only each other. On the other hand, Woodhull challenged many 19th century assumptions of private relations between men and women. For example, she believed that for most women, marriage was legalized prostitution; in other words, women married for money, not love. 14) What was the Beecher-Tilton affair? What was the result of Woodhull’s exposition of this event? After she was dismissed from the NWSA, Woodhull, looking for vengeance, decided to tell the public about the Beecher-Tilton affair. Henry Ward Beecher was the most famous liberal preacher of his day, and Elizabeth Tilton was one of his parishioners. Tilton was also married to Theodore Tilton, a staunch supporter of the women’s suffrage movement. In 1872, Woodhull published this scandal in a special edition of her Weekly. This â€Å"scandal of the century† had many repercussions. For example, Theodore Tilton sued Beecher misconduct with his wife, and the reputations of both the Tiltons were ruined. In addition, Woodhull was arrested by Anthony Comstock, who claimed that the Weekly had distributed obscene literature through the mail. Although, Woodhull was eventually released, she never regained her social prominence. 15) What was the significance of the West during the 19th century women’s suffrage movement? The West during the 19th century provided a shining beacon of hope to the women’s suffrage movement. This is due to the fact that they saw the West as similar to the rural, small-town society of early America. They believed that in the West, women could regain the status of colonial women, while still being revered as Victorian ladies.

Final Reflection Paper

Some pointers on the final reflection paper Your final paper, the reflection paper, is a kind of a follow-up paper to the short statement that you handed in at the beginning of the course. To that extent, you can write the paper holding on to the same types of questions that suggested for that first short statement. To repeat, these questions were the following: 1 . What do you think of when you think of ethics or morality? 2. Can you define the concept of ethics? 3. Does being ethical mean being happy? 4.What does being moral consist of according to you? Doing the right thing? Living a fulfilling life? 5. Can one ‘learn' to be ethical? Or, what are the sources of ethics? 6. Can you give an example of an ethical person / a moral action? And if yes, why do you consider this person/action to be a ‘good' one? However, I am not asking you at this point to simply answer these questions. What I am most interested in is a reflection on your part on what you thought of ethics/mor ality at the beginning of our class and how you think of it now.Do you have new answer to the above questions? Or, have new questions come to mind? Are the doubts you had before answered? Or are there nagging questions left? (Why morality? What can I take from the theories we studied? ). The paper thus does not have to be your final reflection on all things moral. It has to be a reflection on where you stand today with regards to where you stood at the start of class. Concretely, in terms of how the paper will be judged. A) You need to provide an informed account of your position concerning morality.Informed' means that you discuss relevant bits and pieces of the main theories and arguments we have discussed throughout our class- meetings and how they got you thinking about morality as well as how they changed your mind or left you with nagging questions. B) You need to provide well-argued claims. In other words, if you make a claim or posit a question want you to tell ‘the re ader' why your claim or question is interesting and important Are you convinced that there is no such thing as morality†¦? Well, tell me why.And let me know why that is a convincing and orient position to take! This should help you on your way. + The paper will have to be 3-4 pages long (1 h line-spacing, font 12). + For advice on how to write, turn once again to the file on philosophical writing I uploaded under Course Materials. + The paper counts for 20% to your final grade. Take the assignment seriously and challenge yourself to think for a moment about what you actually learned from those last few months spent reading and discussing ethics. Good luck and I am looking forward to read your reflections!

Free Essays on FREEDOM Of SPEECH The First Amendment

. This is known as â€Å"expressive conduct... Free Essays on FREEDOM Of SPEECH The First Amendment Free Essays on FREEDOM Of SPEECH The First Amendment FREEDOM OF SPEECH THE FIRST AMENDMENT Imagine a time when one could be fined, imprisoned and even killed for just simply speaking one’s mind. Speech is the basic vehicle for communication of beliefs, thoughts and ideas. Without the right to speak one’s mind freely one would be forced to agree with everything society stated. For example, in sixteenth century England, a loyal subject of Henry VII was imprisoned for saying, â€Å"I like not the proceedings of this realm.† In earlier times this would have been punishable by death for treason. With freedom of speech one’s own ideas can be expressed freely and the follower’s belief will be stronger. The words sound so simple, but without them the world would be a very different place. Without the right to speak freely one would not be able to debate, nor would one be able to receive full coverage on world issues. There would be no interesting newspapers, no free religion and no free thoughts. This amendment seems so simple but, the boundaries of which issues and incidents which are covered are complex and varied. The reason being is there are more ways of speech which are listed further in this essay. The first amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances†. There three types of speech. 1. There is pure speech; which is only spoken word, such as church, debts, and meetings. This form falls under the boundaries of the first amendment. 2. Speech-plus is speech with actions; like protest, marches and picketing. Generally, actions are not as protected as pure speech. 3. Thirdly, there is symbolic speech; it conveys its own message without words. This is known as â€Å"expressive conduct...

Nathaniel Isaacs, Descriptions of Shaka and the Zulu Military Essays

Nathaniel Isaacs, Descriptions of Shaka and the Zulu Military Essays Nathaniel Isaacs, Descriptions of Shaka and the Zulu Military Essay Nathaniel Isaacs, Descriptions of Shaka and the Zulu Military Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: Nathaniel Isaacs, Descriptions of Shaka and the Zulu Military From the introduction of Nathaniel Isaacs’ passage, it shows that Shaka had seized and consolidated his power when it mentions that he spent some years in Kwazulu where he fought alongside his military. It shows that, for the time he was there, Shaka was already the reigning king within the Zulu kingdom. He fought alongside his military in conquering other tribes. Isaacs provides an account of his military actions that prove this fact, showing how he went to strengthen his powers by having a stronger military. Additionally, the fact that he kept espionage shows that he was seeking to consolidate his power all the time. He sought information about the tribes around him to know the strengths, including those that were independent and the tributary, as well. This allowed him to attack other tribes with ease without finding surprises or being easily discovered. In addition to the wars he engaged in, Isaacs provides the cases of executions that took place as a way of ensuring coop eration and warning those who questioned his rule. Isaacs may not have been able to explain about the context of the contested succession considering the discreteness emphasized by Shaka. Even his chiefs did not know where the next action would be until the eve of the war. In several of the passages considering the audience this account was meant for, a lot of exaggeration can be identified. The first one can be found in the passage that he describes the eve of going to war, â€Å"in which he (Shaka) seemed to indulge with as much savage delight as the tiger with its prey,† (Isaacs 208). He goes further to describe with as much exaggeration the reaction in his eyes, limbs and the whole of his body, suggesting that it seemed pleasurable. This would only mean that he was happy to kill some of his people even without genuine reason considering one does not require reason to engage in pleasurable activities. He further describes him as a giant that got no reason, a being in a human form, and a monster as well amongst other inhuman descriptions with too much emphasis. Another exaggeration is in the emphasis of his discreteness where even the next chief to him in line did not know where the war might take place. This means that they are informed a night before the action. In these eves, the warriors are supposed to know the route and the plan laid by Shaka himself. This also means the plan of attack is made by one person who has not even seen the place itself but relies on information gathered by spies (Isaacs 210). This is some bit of an exaggeration to emphasize on the discreteness of Shaka in his warfare. Further, an exaggeration is shown where he describes Shaka as a soul that is engrossed by war and does not allow any interaction with the Europeans. This is exaggerated considering that Isaacs was a European but earned a chance to fight along Shaka’s military. Probably this was meant to evoke some reaction from the British, who might have had an interest in the area. According to Isaacs, the area was not frequented, but he saw a Portuguese in the area captured by Shaka. This means that, despite the area being unfrequented, there were Europeans arriving in the area. Additionally, he had come to search for some British sailors who were in a shipwreck. This shows that there were people visiting the area on their ways to other parts of the world. The fact that Shaka knew something about the outside world showed there had been visitors within that area in previous years. Suggesting the region was wild, he probably meant it was not developed but obviously had its people.

Free Essays on The House Of Seven Gables

â€Å"The sympathy or magnetism among human beings is more subtle and universal than we think; it exists, indeed, among different classes of organized life, and vibrates from one to another. Loosely based on the events of Hawthorne’s own life, The House of the Seven Gables attempts to show the suffering of descendants forced to repent for the sins of their â€Å"father†, while they are unknowingly renewing the curse by nurturing the ancestral greed that has passed through the generations. Thus the various themes of the novel reflect the central idea of continued sin through the greed and guilt of a declining family. Each generation struggles to escape the sins of the past, only to be thrust forcefully back to face the offenses of their forefathers. The House of the Seven Gables is a tale of loneliness and greed caused by the sin of preceding generations. The opening of the novel is set in puritan times during the Salem witch hunts. The villainous Colonel Pyncheon wrongly accused the innocent Matthew Maule of witchcraft so that the Maule land would fall into the Pyncheon family’s hands. Upon his death, Maule â€Å"addressed [Colonel Pyncheon] from the scaffold, and uttered a prophecy...God will give him blood to drink". The physical wrongdoing of Colonel Pyncheon against Matthew Maule was avenged at the former’s death, with the curse being fulfilled. However, the essence of the crime lived on through the generations. By chapter two, the focus of the novel has shifted to the modern generations of the Pyncheon family. The family has severely declined since the Colonel’s time, yet the curse of greed is as strong as ever. The remains of the family consist of a decrepit spinster named Hepzibah, now the caretaker of the house of the seven gables; her insane brother Clifford, who was just recently released from prison; their devilish cousin Judge Jeffrey, a man fixated upon his own greed; and their distant... Free Essays on The House Of Seven Gables Free Essays on The House Of Seven Gables â€Å"The sympathy or magnetism among human beings is more subtle and universal than we think; it exists, indeed, among different classes of organized life, and vibrates from one to another. Loosely based on the events of Hawthorne’s own life, The House of the Seven Gables attempts to show the suffering of descendants forced to repent for the sins of their â€Å"father†, while they are unknowingly renewing the curse by nurturing the ancestral greed that has passed through the generations. Thus the various themes of the novel reflect the central idea of continued sin through the greed and guilt of a declining family. Each generation struggles to escape the sins of the past, only to be thrust forcefully back to face the offenses of their forefathers. The House of the Seven Gables is a tale of loneliness and greed caused by the sin of preceding generations. The opening of the novel is set in puritan times during the Salem witch hunts. The villainous Colonel Pyncheon wrongly accused the innocent Matthew Maule of witchcraft so that the Maule land would fall into the Pyncheon family’s hands. Upon his death, Maule â€Å"addressed [Colonel Pyncheon] from the scaffold, and uttered a prophecy...God will give him blood to drink". The physical wrongdoing of Colonel Pyncheon against Matthew Maule was avenged at the former’s death, with the curse being fulfilled. However, the essence of the crime lived on through the generations. By chapter two, the focus of the novel has shifted to the modern generations of the Pyncheon family. The family has severely declined since the Colonel’s time, yet the curse of greed is as strong as ever. The remains of the family consist of a decrepit spinster named Hepzibah, now the caretaker of the house of the seven gables; her insane brother Clifford, who was just recently released from prison; their devilish cousin Judge Jeffrey, a man fixated upon his own greed; and their distant...

The Early Middle Ages and Beyond Essays

The Early Middle Ages and Beyond Essays The Early Middle Ages and Beyond Essay The Early Middle Ages and Beyond Essay European civilizations in the Early Middle Ages (750-1000) stemmed from the fall of the Roman Empire. The establishment of the Germanic states (which was a result of Roman disintegration) brought together the three main components of a new European civilization.The combination of the German tribes, the classical tradition, and Christianity aided in creating a western empire with its own European identity.The Carolingian empire, ruled by Charles the Great (Charlemagne), was thefirst sign of the medieval European world.To better understand the Early Middle Ages and beyond, one should examine the origins, development, accomplishments, and significance of the Carolingians in medieval European history (Spielvogel, 210). The Carolingian empire originated from a man by the name of Charles Martel.Martel served as mayor of the palace of Austrasia, one of the three major areas controlled by the Merovingian dynasty, around 714.By defeating the Muslims near Poitiers, Charles Martel became the ruler of the three Merovingian kingdoms, placing his family on the edge of creating a new dynasty.After Charles Martels death in 741, his son Pepin overthrew the Merovingians and assumed the kingship for himself.Pepin was crowned king and ruled the Frankish state until his death in 768.This brought Pepins son, Charles the Great (Charlemagne), to the throne of the Frankish kingdom.Charlemagne was a vigorous and powerful ruler that greatly extended the region of the Carolingian empire (Spielvogel, 210). Charles the Great aided in the development of his empire by playing a large role in the expansion of the Carolingian kingdom.Charlemagne led his army to Italy in 773 and took control of the Lombard state. Four years beyond the conquest of Italy, Charlemagne and his army moved into northern Spain, but failed to conquer any territory.Charlemagne was more successful in Germany in 787 when he brought the Bavarians into his empire.

Buenos Aries essays

Buenos Aries essays The capital of the country, Buenos Aires is also Argentina's leading city in population, commerce, and industry. It is located near the Atlantic Ocean coast, on the broad Rà ­o de la Plata, an estuary at the mouth of the Paran and Paraguay rivers. The early Spanish colonists named the city for the "good winds" that brought them to the port. Today about 10 million people live in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, one of the largest in the world. The city proper makes up a federal district, and its mayor is appointed by the nation's president. The city is not a part of Buenos Aires province, which surrounds it. Greater Buenos Aires is made up of many settlements that grew together. The oldest European center lay in the neighborhood of the present Plaza de Mayo, a large plaza in the downtown area. Streets in the city were laid out according to a grid pattern described in the Cdigo de las Indias, a legal document followed by the Spaniards in settling the Western Hemisphere. The original grid is today surrounded by Balcarce, 25 de Mayo, Viamonte, Libertad, Salta, and Estados Unidos streets. Growth of the city first followed the high elevations, along which ox- and horse-drawn two-wheeled carretas carried freight and which the modern main avenues and the rail lines also follow. The most recent developments in the city are the industrial sectors that extend from the old center southward, such as Dock Sud, La Boca, Barracas, Pinero, and Lanà ºs. The Paran River plays an important role in the life of Buenos Aires. Oranges, grapefruit, cherries, plums, and vegetables are raised in its delta area. Vacation housing is widespread, and on weekends thousands of people fill the area to engage in recreational activities. The Paran not only provides recreation, but also links the hinterlands with Buenos Aires and supplies water to the population. ...

complete predicate in English grammar

complete predicate in English grammar Definition In traditional English grammar, a  complete predicate is made up of a verb or verb phrase along with its objects, complements, and/or adverbial  modifiers.  Ã‚   A verb by itself is sometimes called a simple predicate. Complete predicates are all the words in a sentence that are not part of the complete subject. Examples and Observations The four boys in the back row of the classroom  giggled helplessly. Dr. Mabel stood up and blushed and  giggled and  looked flustered. -(Robert A. Heinlein,  Time for the Stars. Scribners, 1956)The engineers struck oil. He sat down and  struck a match  to light his pipe. -(Paul Goodman, The Empire City, 1942)   Exactly at six, Martha  struck a small silver bell  with a silver fork and waited until its clear note had died away. -(Pam Durban, Soon. The Southern Review, 1997) The telescreen struck fourteen. He must leave in ten minutes.  He had to be back at  work by fourteen-thirty. Curiously, the chiming of the hour seemed to have put new heart into him.(George Orwell,  Nineteen Eighty-Four, 1949)Department stores, with their  escalators and clouds  of perfume and ranks of nylon lingerie, were like Heaven itself. -(John Updike, Self-Consciousness, 1989). Momma  opened boxes of crispy  crackers and we sat around the meat block at the rear of the Store. I sliced onions and Bailey opened two or even three cans of  sardines and allowed their juice of oil and fishing boats to ooze down and around the sides. -(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969)   After exercising, Stuart  would slip on his handsome wool wrapper, tie the cord tightly around his waist, and start for the bathroom, creeping silently through the  long dark hall  past his mothers and fathers room, past the hall closet where the carpet sweeper was kept, past Georges room and along by the head of the stairs until he got to the bathroom. -(E.B. White,  Stuart Little, 1945)      Testing to Find the Complete Predicate To figure out which words make up the complete predicate: (1) Examine the sentence: The pain from a headache generally persists for about a day.(2) Ask yourself what the subject ( The pain) does.The answer is the pain generally persists for about a day. That is the complete predicate.(3) Make up a sentence with a subject and a complete predicate. (Pamela Rice Hahn and Dennis E. Hensley, Macmillan Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in 24 Hours. Macmillan, 2000)Fronting In some alternatively ordered sentences, the subject is not the first element to appear in the sentence. Some element of the complete predicate is fronted or placed at the beginning of the sentence in front of the subject. Fronting shifts emphasis from the subject to the fronted element in the sentence: At the beach, I always feel content. Never could I have imagined the horrors that awaited us. The first sentence begins with the adverbial at the beach. Though the phrase precedes the subject I, it is still a part of the complete predicate. At the beach modifies the verb feel. . . . The second sentence begins with the adverb never and the modal auxiliary verb could. Though it precedes the subject, could is still a part of the verb phrase could have imagined. - (Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004)

Political Science Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Political Science - Term Paper Example term â€Å"juridification† has arisen as a means of describing the practice whereby prior determination of precedence leads the judiciary in a direction that they would otherwise not follow. Although the term itself seems to imply a type of negative connotation; this should not be understood to be the case in all cases. Rather juridification is merely the outgrowth of an established, historically contiguous and stable judiciary that can have the advantage upon drawing upon a wealth of precedent and prior determinations in order to form an opinion. Likewise, the term itself can also be viewed in a negative connotation as the outgrowth and development of law oftentimes leads down a tightly confined path whereby the judiciary is predisposed to determinations that are seemingly unchangeable and non-elastic with the needs of society; merely based on prior precedent that has stood the test of time. As such, this brief essay will consider this term as well as attempt to determine whe ther the outgrowth and development of law during the course of the 20th century has been a net positive or a net negative for the judiciary and the public. As a function of this, the specific case Liebeck v. McDonalds Restaurants will be analyzed. Although juridification can have a positive effect on creating a channeling effect for precedence to determine the means by which certain cases should be decided; thereby making the job of the judiciary somewhat simpler, the downside to this is the fact that the full original intent of the law cannot be applied in such a way as to create a clear definition of intent based upon a blank slate of logic and information associated with a particular case. As a result, the continuing outpouring of case law, determinations, and judgments throughout the history of the judiciary in this country has served to create a highly complex and storied representation of precedent that only helps to further define and hedge in the understanding of juridification

Cybercrime - reading critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybercrime - reading critique - Essay Example Cyber criminals and terrorist groups are formed a nexus to destroy the US interests. US military is currently depending partly on the civilian technology services which can be misused/ exploited by the cyber attackers. Kinetic weapons, power of electromagnetic energy, malicious computer code etc are some of the most common methods of cyber attacks employed by cyber terrorists. Botnets (vast numbers of compromised computers that have been infected with malicious code, and can be remotely-controlled through commands sent via the Internet) are another major tool for cybercrime, because of its effectiveness and the easy use by even a non-skilled malicious user. The cyber attacks faced by Estonia in April 2007 revealed that political protestors may have rented the services of cybercriminals in order to destabilize the government. Cyber criminals have already established alliances with drug traffickers in Afghanistan, the Middle East, and elsewhere where profitable illegal activities are used to support terrorist groups. A coordinated attack on civilian and military computers by the cyber attackers may adversely affect the interests of US economy and the US military. â€Å"Every action has equal but opposite reaction† which is Newton’s third law. It is true in the case of computers and internet as well. It is a fact that computers and internet have revolutionized the human life immensely. At the same time like most of the other great discoveries, internet can also be used for destructive purposes. When nuclear energy was discovered, people thought that it can be used for constructive purposes. But nowadays the world is undergoing the immense threat of nuclear weapons and a possible nuclear war. Same way it is quite possible that prominent countries may engage in cyber wars in order to destabilize other countries. Instead of utilizing the contributions of science and technology for constructive purposes and collective growths, most of the prominent

History Projects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History Projects - Assignment Example Abraham Lincoln was the president at the time the war ended in 1865. During the Reconstruction Period, the author indicates that the reorganization of the states was very hard for the Lincoln’s regime.After the Period, the 14th Amendment and 15th Amendment were passed giving black men the civil rights (Klose 24). He also points out on the World War I that began in 1914 and lasted for four years. The 19th Amendment passed in 1920 allowed women to vote.The Cold war started in the 1950 with the Vietnam War taking place in the late 1950’s. The author outlines the breakthroughs in economic, political and social fields until later in the 21st century (Klose 27). The author should have mentioned on the rapid industrialization that took place in the early 1990’s. He would have indicated the reasons for the occurrence of a peaceful period between the two world wars.He left out the Great Depression, which took place in 1929 to 1936. The Civil Rights movements that occurred after the Second World War have also been left out. The book is reliable when is discussing the history of America since 1865. As compared to other literary works, the author has presented the major events that took place in the United States since 1865 in chronological order. The book clearly indicates the end of slavery in America (Klose 30). It can be used by other students in history class particularly in describing the wars that have taken place since 1865. Instructions: Open the link stated above and Click History, North America and then American History since 1865. Other web links include: http://www.articlemyriad.com/american-history-1865-major-events-trends/2/ This website is very important to students because it gives the overview of the major events that occurred in North America since 1865(Smith par 1-2). The information on the website seems to have been obtained from other sources in which the writer fails to acknowledge the original authors.The

Questionnaire and design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questionnaire and design - Research Paper Example The segmentation of the questionnaire is positive as it makes the process easier to understand. On the other hand, the dell questionnaire is complex and this may increase the non-response rate. The long questions and innumerable options in some of the questions will make the process tiresome and boring hence response error (McDaniel & Gates, 2006). This would also mean that the respondents will have to spend a long period in submitting information. Moreover, there are biased questions that will therefore impair the responses. These questions will influence the choice of answers of the respondents. A sample of a better questionnaire is provided below. Burke is an independent research firm whose services personal computer DELL computers to gather honest opinions of DELL personal computer systems have sourced. The questionnaire asks questions about DELL and on level of internet

Freakonomics Podcast Death by Fire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Freakonomics Podcast Death by Fire - Assignment Example electronic equipment, people forgetting and leaving their gas on, and the availability of materials that could easily catch fire around the home such as furniture. 6. The discussion about creating safer cigarettes is due to the fact that cigarettes cause a lot of the home fires due to smokers leaving their cigarettes extinguishing them after smoking and placing them either knowingly or unknowingly on an ignitable surface. Cigarettes that have not been extinguished if placed on surfaces such as beds or sofas, could easily burn the mattress or sofa as even when it is not being smoked it continues to burn. An ignition safe cigarette has been proposed as the cigarette once placed down will automatically extinguish itself. 7. The technology that is taking place with cooking equipment is the installation of temperature regulators that prevent cookers from getting to their auto ignition temperature and installation of motion sensors in the cooker so that if the cooker is left unattended for too long it would shut itself off. 10. So many people died despite the claim that the building was fire proof since the fire escapes had collapsed and the exits were not enough for the workers, a stampede ensued which led to the workers falling on each other on the way down the stairs, The exit door to the building was locked, and the lack of fire alarms led to the workers on the nineth floor not knowing early enough that a fire had ensued meaning they did not have enough time to exit the

Was the Iraq war legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Was the Iraq war legal - Essay Example The reason is that the US adopts a realist policy as the basis of carrying out its foreign policy. Successive American governments have followed offensive realist approaches and refused to agree or endorse any treaties, whose objectives do not correspond to United States interests. In a bid to strengthen its power, United States has repeatedly called for greater global acceptance of democratic ideologies, as well as an increased role of global institutions. Ironically, the United States has ignored global institutions like United Nations (Jakobsen and Jakobsen 2009). Another underlying reason behind Iraq incursion is the US energy policy, despite perpetrators stressing that Iraq war was solely for self defense against weapons of mass destruction, and for humanitarian intercession, as well. US policy on energy is based on a strong fervor that the nations’ needs may only be met through economic and military superiority. A principal upshot of this policy is that corporations that have associations with the oil sector are not to be defied in any manner. America tolerates sufficient refinery capacity and seeks alternative sources of energy elsewhere. Accordingly, once publicized policies to develop artificial fuels to recover oil from shale have resulted into a scam on the country’s taxpayers. Additionally, United States vehicle makers whose profits depend on guzzlers have the lowest convoy average mpg in many years. As global demand for oil increases, American leaders have come to increasingly depend on their military strength when required to take control of oil producing nations such as Iraq, which are less accustomed to America’s fuel precedence. Hence, United States decided to meet its energy needs by continuing a geopolitical realm... Another underlying reason behind Iraq incursion is the US energy policy, despite perpetrators stressing that Iraq war was solely for self-defense against weapons of mass destruction, and for humanitarian intercession, as well. US policy on energy is based on a strong fervor that the nations’ needs may only be met through economic and military superiority. A principal upshot of this policy is that corporations that have associations with the oil sector are not to be defined in any manner. America tolerates sufficient refinery capacity and seeks alternative sources of energy elsewhere. Accordingly, once publicized policies to develop artificial fuels to recover oil from shale have resulted into a scam on the country’s taxpayers. Additionally, United States vehicle makers whose profits depend on guzzlers have the lowest convoy average mpg in many years. As global demand for oil increases, American leaders have come to increasingly depend on their military strength when req uired to take control of oil-producing nations such as Iraq, which are less accustomed to America’s fuel precedence. Hence, United States decided to meet its energy needs by continuing a geopolitical realm using force on Iraq (Hinnebusch 2007). Some manifestations to this assertion were the posting of more than one hundred thousand troops and additional fourteen thousand oil infrastructure security guards in Iraq in 2005. America also puts some warships to defend oil tankers in and around the Persian Gulf.

The history and importance of swimming Research Proposal

The history and importance of swimming - Research Proposal Example Swimming evolution throughout time reflects a spirit of creative and significant renewal from the technical and sportive points of view. Everything changes in life so it is not unusual that swimming has undergone many changes along the passage of time. Nevertheless, these changes haven’t affected the benefits that anybody can experience with the practice of swimming. To have a clearer idea of those changes it is helpful to study the history of swimming.Swimming have been practiced since prehistoric times. There are accounts of this activity in the Bible (Isaiah 25:11; Ezekiel 47:5; Acts 25:42) and the Greek poems â€Å"The Iliad† and â€Å"The Odyssey† by Homer. There have been found â€Å"Egyptian clay seals from 4000 BC showing four swimmers doing a version of the crawl (Weil, 1996-2008a). But â€Å"the most famous swimming drawings were apparently found in the Kebir desert† (Weil, 1996-2008a). They are dated around 4000 BC. These facts show that swimmi ng has been around since ancient times.Some archeological findings have discovered mosaics and drags from early Middle Easter cities and Pompeii that show men swimming with the dog stroke. Even though the ancient Olympic Games didn’t include swimming, â€Å"the Greeks practiced the sport, holding it in high regard, as they did all athletic endeavors. In fact, one of the most biting insults one Greek could unleash on another was to discuss him as a man who "neither knew how to run nor swim." Plato considered a man who didn't know how to swim uneducated. (†¦) ) There are frequent representations of swimmers in the Vatican, Borgian and Bourbon codices, and the murals of the Tepantitla House at Teotihuacan (near Mexico City) showed men splashing about the waters of "Tlalocan," paradise of Tlaloc, the god of water. () Both Julius Caesar and Charlemagne were known as great swimmers, and Louis XI frequently took swims in the Seine (USS Swim Fact Pact, n.d.). The Encyclopedia of Tradicional British Rural Sports contains books related to swimming from the Middle Ages. Some scholars believe that the first book about swimming was Colymbetes authored by Nicolas Wynman in 1538. The widely-recognized book entitled De Arte Nantandi by Everard Digby was published in Latin in 1587. That encyclopeidia records the fact that swimming was a requisite for knights and that Romans were used to building bathhouses and pools as they conquered new lands in order to use them as social clubs and exercise places (Weil, 1996-2008a). Moreover, organized swimming had its beginning in the 1800s and 1990s when swimming associations and clubs were founded. The Amateur Swimming Association was established in 1886. So these kinds of clubs spread in England, France, Germany, and the United States. Some North American Indians (Flying Gull and Tobacco) invited to participate in the Swimming Society in England had a strong impact on Londoners due to their innovative swimming technique. But their technique was not copied at that time. After 40 years the Europeans adopted it and revolutionized the world of swimming with the newly-born crawl. Indeed, the crawl was not new at all since the old inhabitants of the Ameritas, West Africa and some Pacific islands were used to swimming that way for generations (USS Swim Fact Pact, n.d.) Another cause for the growing popularity of swimming was the high-profile events that took place during that period such as the feat accomplished by Matthew Webb when he swam across the English Channel (Weil, 1996-2008). "On August 24, 1875, Captain Matthew Webb slipped into the water at Dover, England, and 21 hours and 45 minutes later touched land at Cape Gris Nez, France, becoming the first man to conquer the English Channel. Relying mainly on the breaststroke, he swam some 38 miles in covering a straightline distance of about 20 miles. It wasn't an uneventful trip. Along the way, Captain Webb sang, sipped coffee and beer, ate steaks, was stung by a jellyfish and had to fight his way through a nasty

Relationshipe between cartel crime and corporate governance Literature review

Relationshipe between cartel crime and corporate governance - Literature review Example In a number of jurisdictions, market sharing and price fixing for all purposes and intent are all constitutional violations. However, some people have argued that price fixing curbs destructive or unhealthy competition especially in oligopolistic industries. Assertion from other quarters is of the opinion that Collusion and cartels are no real threat to the market since they are majorly unstable and temporary in nature. This emanates from the fact that cartels are usually united by common interests at the beginning but in later stages, each diverts to pursue and protect its own interest which makes the whole system crumble. In most cases after agreeing to apply a uniform market price, one of the firms within the cartel usually cheats the other by lowering the prices of its products in order to maximize its customer base which in turn translates to profits (Rizza 44, 2012). It is therefore argued that collusion between members of a cartel never long lasts because their exists a general mistrust among them and no clear channel to discipline any member of the cartel who by any means is proved to be violating terms of agrrement.In circumstances of implicit collusion, the problem is magnified because of lack of effective communication channels among the cartel members. Economically, price fixing being just a mere cartel or a heinous crime is judged by whether it adds value to the economic viability or not. If the economy is boosted through cartel collusion then some people have argued that it is economically viable. The theory just discussed has majorly been applied in two ways. Firstly, to take note of those industries that may be susceptible or otherwise and their effectiveness to cartelization. Secondly, how remedies can be effectively devised that destabilizes and detect cartels which would ultimately scuttle their incidence. Initially fronted by George Stigler and later modified by other

Ticketmaster Merges with Live Nation Case Study

Ticketmaster Merges with Live Nation - Case Study Example Ten years ago, the record labels saw a way to increase sales by getting involved with the internet. The goal was to spread the word about music faster than ever before and generate a new outlet for income. This whole idea was based on the customer buying music downloads from the online stores. In order to do that there would have to be encrypted legally authorized music. It was soon to be found out that this was almost an impossible task. It would take many people in full time jobs to manage this, but the damage had already been done. There were then many side businesses built on digital downloads which eroded not only the internet but previous business as well (Waddell, 2009). The idea, then, became consolidation. It was determined that if they consolidated more of the companies it would help them gain in the competition for customers. They were now faced with plunging record and music sales of all kinds. Merging these companies meant becoming more diversified and taking on more than the sale of music. They began to diversify and include management, merchandising, agencies and promotion and all were driven by the economy and the sales of music as the time. However, the decline in music sales continued and many of the large companies as well as some of the mergers were eliminated from the business. Some of those eliminated were companies like Tower Records and Circuit City. Consolidation also became p... Live Nation was picking up merchandise firm signatures and music e-commerce companies like Musictoday. When merchandising was added to Live Nations menu of ticketing, promotion and sponsorship services it was able to strike multirights contracts with such artists as Madonna and Jay-Z (Peoples, 2009). In the beginning of the decade, you could go down to the store and buy a ticket to a venue and you were sold a paper ticket. While you can still buy a ticket this way, chances are when you get there the tickets will be sold out. The day when you can pick up a local ticket for a Sunday evening concert are gone, especially if you want to see some of the hot acts. Tickets are now only made available to the public after VIP tickets are sold to fan clubs etc. This created a online secondary market which has been in great demand by the customer who wants to buy tickets in his own time and does not mind paying for the convenience. Tickets Now has held a large piece of the business of selling tickets after tickets were sold out. Ticketmaster and Live Nation Just about a month before Ticketmaster and Live Nation announced their plans to merge, Live Nation had started its own ticketing company. The reason that Live Nation had decided to control its own ticketing was so it could then control some of the fan club profit available. This opportunity, because of the information it provides, allows for targeting of populations for ticketing sales, even before the tickets are available. This gave them a larger piece of the market. Ticketmaster too has evolving to become a full service company selling tickets and boosting sales of other products. Pricing of tickets has become even more strategic at this point (Waddell, 2009). Live Nation

Administrative Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Administrative Power - Essay Example Public administration is wholly intertwined in the problems and all the activities of the society, and hence, it does not operate alone (Stillman, 2010). Norton Long argues that, power is the lifeblood and backbone of administration (Stillman, 2010). Power attainment, increase, maintenance, dissipation and loss, are factors that cannot be ignored by administrators. Long argues that, ignoring these aspects can lead to failure and loss of realm. In the case of the Columbia accident, which happened in February 2003, killing seven crew members, the administration was to blame for the loss of lives. The damage suspected by the engineers before the shuttle left orbit was downplayed by the NASA managers, who limited the investigations. External pressure from the white house and the congress to meet the date set for launching, made NASA managers to authorize the launching, even when it was clear that foaming was occurring on the left wing of Columbia. Failure to address issues or risks fully or postponing them, can lead to loss of life, a situation which detracts an organization’s power. Bureaucracy and internal pressure are key aspects of administrative power, and that partake a significant task in enhancing or detracting the administrative power. Bureaucracy, when properly applied without too much pressure, can enhance an organization’s administrative power. NASA employees were under internal pressure, to meet a deadline; hence, the seven crew members went ahead with their project to launch, even with the awareness of risks. This caused the American people, who were patriotic to the country’s endeavors in aerospace, to diminish the value and effectiveness of NASA. Power is a coveted aspect in life, and the blood life of administration, as Long said (Stillman, 2010). Administrators strive to gain and retain power, and in the process, they employ various means to ensure that they remain in power. Long

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 17

Economics - Essay Example In a closed economy where there is no foreign trade, the level of outputs that are produced will be at market equilibrium as the demand levels will further be met by the supply levels. However, during recessions, when unemployment rate rises, the demand will still be met by the supply, although the demand level will be lower. This is why in the goods market prices and quantity will settle at the equilibrium but high unemployment can still be present in the economy. This has been termed as the â€Å"Keynesian unemployment†. As what has been described earlier, in determining output to meet the demands, there are two views—the Keynesian and the classical view. The classical view argues that prices and wages are flexible, in such a way that excesses in either demand or supply will quickly be absorbed by the economy and resume full employment of resources after economic shocks—or abrupt changes in the aggregate demand and supply curves. The Keynesian view on the other hand argues, as apparent in its sticky theory of prices and wages which says that these two factors are sticky in the short run because of contractual rigidities such as agreements made with different interest groups such as the labor unions. In the latter situation, the one proposed by Keynes, higher levels of aggregate demands are needed for output to respond positively because aggregate supply curve is relatively flat especially when output levels are low. In this situation, the economy can have long periods of unemployment b ecause prices and wages are slow to adjust to shocks, and reaching full employment of resources is slow to reach. When classical economists argue that unemployment results from the interaction of the labor demand and supply curves, and lowering the wages will spread the labor supply which can curb unemployment in the process,

Relationshipe between cartel crime and corporate governance Literature review

Relationshipe between cartel crime and corporate governance - Literature review Example In a number of jurisdictions, market sharing and price fixing for all purposes and intent are all constitutional violations. However, some people have argued that price fixing curbs destructive or unhealthy competition especially in oligopolistic industries. Assertion from other quarters is of the opinion that Collusion and cartels are no real threat to the market since they are majorly unstable and temporary in nature. This emanates from the fact that cartels are usually united by common interests at the beginning but in later stages, each diverts to pursue and protect its own interest which makes the whole system crumble. In most cases after agreeing to apply a uniform market price, one of the firms within the cartel usually cheats the other by lowering the prices of its products in order to maximize its customer base which in turn translates to profits (Rizza 44, 2012). It is therefore argued that collusion between members of a cartel never long lasts because their exists a general mistrust among them and no clear channel to discipline any member of the cartel who by any means is proved to be violating terms of agrrement.In circumstances of implicit collusion, the problem is magnified because of lack of effective communication channels among the cartel members. Economically, price fixing being just a mere cartel or a heinous crime is judged by whether it adds value to the economic viability or not. If the economy is boosted through cartel collusion then some people have argued that it is economically viable. The theory just discussed has majorly been applied in two ways. Firstly, to take note of those industries that may be susceptible or otherwise and their effectiveness to cartelization. Secondly, how remedies can be effectively devised that destabilizes and detect cartels which would ultimately scuttle their incidence. Initially fronted by George Stigler and later modified by other

Administrative Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Administrative Power - Essay Example Public administration is wholly intertwined in the problems and all the activities of the society, and hence, it does not operate alone (Stillman, 2010). Norton Long argues that, power is the lifeblood and backbone of administration (Stillman, 2010). Power attainment, increase, maintenance, dissipation and loss, are factors that cannot be ignored by administrators. Long argues that, ignoring these aspects can lead to failure and loss of realm. In the case of the Columbia accident, which happened in February 2003, killing seven crew members, the administration was to blame for the loss of lives. The damage suspected by the engineers before the shuttle left orbit was downplayed by the NASA managers, who limited the investigations. External pressure from the white house and the congress to meet the date set for launching, made NASA managers to authorize the launching, even when it was clear that foaming was occurring on the left wing of Columbia. Failure to address issues or risks fully or postponing them, can lead to loss of life, a situation which detracts an organization’s power. Bureaucracy and internal pressure are key aspects of administrative power, and that partake a significant task in enhancing or detracting the administrative power. Bureaucracy, when properly applied without too much pressure, can enhance an organization’s administrative power. NASA employees were under internal pressure, to meet a deadline; hence, the seven crew members went ahead with their project to launch, even with the awareness of risks. This caused the American people, who were patriotic to the country’s endeavors in aerospace, to diminish the value and effectiveness of NASA. Power is a coveted aspect in life, and the blood life of administration, as Long said (Stillman, 2010). Administrators strive to gain and retain power, and in the process, they employ various means to ensure that they remain in power. Long

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Journal - Assignment Example In the same article, the Los Angeles Times describes the action as seemingly a part of a series of disturbing behavior from the military stationed at Afghanistan, continuing to enumerate alarming acts of violence committed by military personnel against people in the middle-eastern country. Before he became US president in 2009, one of the promises Obama made was to pull out the troops in Afghanistan. I strongly believe this promise was one of the reasons Americans voted for him. America had already lost so many men and women to the fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq before Obama entered the presidential race. The people wanted their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, husbands, wives, sons and daughters safe back home. It was therefore disappointing that after 3 years, that particular promise has yet to be fulfilled. There is no excuse for the misbehavior American troops are showing in Afghanistan. Nevertheless, for someone who is in a situation where getting to wake up each day is a gift, it is only a matter of time before the stress gets the best of an individual. If President Obama does not want a repeat or similar incidents like these to happen, he should start making good on his promise to bring the troops in Afghanistan back

The Rojas Murders of 1892 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Rojas Murders of 1892 - Research Paper Example Crime prevention presents a drain on limited budgets but this is considered as a necessary expense; otherwise, society breaks down. If prevention fails, law enforcement authorities have to resort to investigative techniques and forensic science to try to solve a crime that was committed. Forensics is the scientific and methodological gathering of evidence in the investigation of crimes with the aim of catching the criminal. The hope of eventually catching the real perpetrators of a crime depends to a big extent on how good the forensic investigator is. There are essentially two steps involved which are the keen sense of making detailed or accurate observations of a crime scene and properly document those same observations. Forensics is usually undertaken by experienced police investigators and helped in large part by expert forensic scientists. The act of gathering crime scene evidence may not always make the case but certainly, a good forensic investigation, interpretation of the cr ime scene evidence and an astute analysis will always make a prosecution case much better. In other words, good forensics can strengthen a weak case and help to catch a criminal based on anything left behind from the crime scene which would have otherwise escaped notice or detection. This paper talks and discusses on one such precedent-setting case in which fingerprint evidence was first used in a court case to convict a mother who killed her own two sons. Discussion Catching a criminal is always a risky business, risky in the sense that most crimes are committed in secret. A criminal is unlucky if he is not careful and is caught in the very act of the crime being committed, termed in Latin â€Å"in flagrante delicto† (originally used as euphemism for someone caught having sexual intercourse but has since been extended to the commission of any crime) and used in English and jurisprudence today as being â€Å"caught red handed.† If this happens then the case could be co nsidered as an â€Å"open and shut case† in which there are witnesses to the crime who can give their testimonies in open court and corroborate what they actually saw. However, majority of crimes are committed in secret with no witnesses to the crime and this is where forensic science can be a big help in solving the crime and catching the criminal. It is a highly-specialized field that requires the appropriate education, training, experience and use of good logic and deductive reasoning to be able to properly document the observations in crime scenes, preserve the evidence from tampering, prevent crime scenes from being inadvertently or intentionally altered and possibly reconstruct the most probable crime scenario to be able to give an expert opinion on what happened, how it happened and who did it. The novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle about a fictional detective named as Mr. Sherlock Holmes easily comes to mind when it comes to forensic investigative science and also of log ical reasoning in arriving at an expert opinion in a classic whodunit. In crime cases where there are no witnesses, police investigators must rely on the crime scene evidence to try to pin down the criminals based on circumstantial evidence through deductive reasoning and inference. Correctly connecting the crime and the criminal essentially requires establishing the very presence of the criminal at the crime scene. This is quite a tedious undertaking that calls for accuracy to remove any reasonable doubts. There is extreme

10 Tenets of MOT and the IT Organization Essay Example for Free

10 Tenets of MOT and the IT Organization Essay A tenet is a principle based on observation, intuition, experience, and in some cases, empirical analysis. Based on a study presented in the Handbook of Technology Management by Gerard Gaynor, Ten tenets are proposed as guiding principles for an organization to operate within a technology cycle framework. These are: 1. Value diversification is a poor substitute for MOT. 2. Manufacturability must keep pace with inventiveness and marketability. 3. Quality and total productivity are inseparable concepts in managing technology. 4.  It is management’s responsibility to bring about technological change and job security for long term competitiveness. 5. Technology must be the ‘servant’ not the ‘master’; the master is still the human being. 6. The consequences of technology selection can be more serious than expected because of systematic effects. 7. Continuous education and training in a constantly changing workplace is a necessity, not a luxury. 8. Technology gradient is a dynamic component of the technology management process, to be monitored for strategic advantage. 9.  The RTC factor must be carefully analyzed and meticulously monitored for gaining the most out of any technology, particularly a new one. 10. Information linkage must keep pace with technology growth. See more: The Issues Concerning Identity Theft Essay In the case of an IT Organization, the essence of the management several factors of technology are realized based on the above specified MOT principles. The following may be derived: †¢ Importance of Core Technologies and Core Competencies. Analysis of the competencies and technological capability of an IT Organization will provide information on the inherent competitive ability of the organization, or the absence of such. This is a step towards active management of technology. †¢ Inventiveness versus Market Drive. For an IT Organization, this translates to building an output-driven innovative culture versus customizing products and processes based on Market-demand. †¢ Total Quality Management. Quality Assurance and Quality Control procedures are essential to monitor processes and the process improvement practice within an organization. †¢ Initiation and Management of Technological Change. Conscious effort to improve current technology should e a consistent activity in an IT Organization. This may be a result of observed updates in the industry or an internal effort to innovate and update according to changing business needs. †¢ Security for Competitiveness. As an industry with established processes, functions and professional track, job security through skills-based retention and promotion should be encouraged. This will invite constructive competitiveness and improve the industryà ¢â‚¬â„¢s workforce. †¢ Technology is the medium and the tool, it is not the solution.  The main product for an organization that offers Information Technology as a service is the solution. The technology is the enabler, while the process is the company-specific activity that adds value to the solution. †¢ Organizational Systems and the Effect of Technology. The effect of information technology to the organization encompasses structures and organization systems. As processes and needs are updated, technologies or the manner that it is implemented should be revised complementarily. The reverse does not always follow. The Essence of Training and Education in an IT Organization. With the Human Resource as the main and sole source value and new service introduction, investment in further education is essential to an IT Organization. Technology managemet assessment: TA is the study and evaluation of new technologies. It is based on the conviction that new developments within, and discoveries by, t he scientific community are relevant for the world at large rather than just for the scientific experts themselves, and that technological progress can never be free of ethical implications. Also, technology assessment recognizes the fact that scientists normally are not trained ethicists themselves and accordingly ought to be very careful when passing ethical judgement on their own, or their colleagues, new findings, projects, or work in progress. Technology assessment assumes a global perspective and is future-oriented, not anti-technological. TA considers its task as interdisciplinary approach to solving already existing problems and preventing potential damage caused by the uncritical application and the commercialization of new technologies. Therefore any results of technology assessment studies must be published, and particular consideration must be given to communication with political decision-makers. An important problem, TA has to deal with it, is the so-called Collingridge dilemma: on the one hand, impacts of new technologies cannot be easily predicted until the technology is extensively developed and widely used; on the other hand, control or change of a technology is difficult as soon as it is widely used. Some of the major fields of TA are: information technology, hydrogen technologies, nuclear technology, molecular nanotechnology, pharmacology, organ transplants, gene technology, artificial intelligence, the Internet and many more. Health technology assessment is related, but profoundly different, despite the similarity in the name. Forms and concepts of technology assessment The following types of concepts of TA are those that are most visible and practiced. There are, however, a number of further TA forms that are only proposed as concepts in the literature or are the label used by a particular TA institution. 2] †¢ Parliamentary TA (PTA): TA activities of various kinds whose addressee is a parliament. PTA may be performed directly by members of those parliaments (e. g. in France and Finland) or on their behalf by related TA institutions (such as in the UK, in Germany and Denmark) or by organisations not directly linked to a Parliament (such as in the Netherlands and Switzerland). [3] †¢ Expert TA (often also referred to as the classical TA or traditional TA concept): TA activities carried out by (a team of) TA and technical experts. Input from stakeholders and other actors is included only via written statements, documents and interviews, but not as in participatory TA. †¢ Participatory TA (pTA): TA activities which actively, systematically and methodologically involve various kinds of social actors as assessors and discussants, such as different kinds of civil society organisations, representatives of the state systems, but characteristically also individual stakeholders and citizens (lay persons), technical scientists and technical experts. Standard pTA methods include consensus conferences, focus groups, scenario workshops etc. [4] Sometimes pTA is further divided into expert-stakeholder pTA and public pTA (including lay persons). [5] †¢ Constructive TA (CTA): This concept of TA, developed in the Netherlands, but also applied and discussed elsewhere[6] attempts to broaden the design of new technology through feedback of TA activities into the actual construction of technology. Contrary to other forms of TA, CTA is not directed toward influencing regulatory practices by assessing the impacts of technology. Instead, CTA wants to address social issues around technology by influencing design practices. †¢ Discursive TA or Argumentative TA: This type of TA wants to deepen the political and normative debate about science, technology and society. It is inspired by ethics, policy discourse analysis and the sociology of expectations in science and technology. This mode of TA aims to clarify and bring under public and political scrutiny the normative assumptions and visions that drive the actors who are socially shaping science and technology. Accordingly, argumentative TA not only addresses the side effects of technological change, but deals with both broader impacts of science and technology and the fundamental normative question of why developing a certain technology is legitimate and desirable. [7] †¢ Health TA (HTA): A specialised type of expert TA informing policy makers about efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness issues of pharmaceuticals and medical treatments, see health technology assessment.